New techniques for superscalar instruction issuing are presented. It is shown that the data dependency check for both in-order and out-of-order issuing can be performed in O(logw) gate delay using O(w2) primitive gates, where w is the size of the instruction buffer. Furthermore, we present a new counting based technique for assigning instructions to resources. It requires a delay of O(logw+logm...

Textbooks are an important source of knowledge input on which the transmission academic often relies, especially in early stages learning. Adopting a corpus-based approach, this study evaluates text difficulty science textbooks used secondary English-medium instruction schools Hong Kong, with focus their lexical coverage and readability. It compares English language that as foreign textbooks. T...

Machine Learning (ML) is traditionally formalized as the study of learning concepts from labeled examples. We are interested in providing a way for a human teacher to interact with a learner using natural instructions, thus allowing the teacher to communicate the relevant domain expertise to the learner without necessarily knowing anything about the internal representations used for learning. W...

Intelligent tutoring systems (ITSs) that personalize instruction to individual learner background and preferences have emerged in K-16 classroom settings all over the world. In mathematics instruction, ITSs may be especially important for tracking mathematical skill development over time. However, recent research has pointed to the importance of text-based measures when solving mathematics word...

Instruction giving can be used in several applications, ranging from trainers in simulated worlds to non player characters for virtual games. In this paper we present a novel algorithm for rapidly prototyping virtual instruction-giving agents from human-human corpora without manual annotation. Automatically prototyping full-fledged dialogue systems from corpora is far from being a reality nowad...

The application of zone of proximal development (ZPD), as a major tenet of Vygotsky’s sociocultural theory (SCT, 1978), has recently been invited in the L2 learning/teaching profession. This study mainly examined whether Iranian EFL learners’ interactions in diverse ZPD-activated proximal contexts through the use of storytelling instruction could improve their oral (speaking) proficiency and at...

We developed and analyzed a videotaped corpus of Japanese and English instructors who taught a high school English language class together over a 6-month period. Distributions of lexical items spoken by native and non-native speakers show they are (1) both concentrated within the 2000 most common words found in written language, (2) both skewed towards classroom context, but (3) unequal with re...