The author builds an agent-based model wherein the societal corruption level is derived from individual corruption levels optimally chosen by heterogeneous agents with different risk aversion and human capital. The societal corruption level, in turn, affects the risk-return profile of corruption for the individual agents. Simulating a multi-generational economy with heterogeneous agents, the au...

As in most of the developing countries, corruption is becoming one of the serious challenges in the process China is striding forward to modernization. However, corruption in China is different in nature and extent from that in other nations due to the political structure and reform policy China has implemented. This paper devotes to differentiating typologies of corruption, analyzing the cause...

Corruption has been described as a disease. When corruption infiltrates global health, it can be particularly devastating, threatening hard gained improvements in human and economic development, international security, and population health. Yet, the multifaceted and complex nature of global health corruption makes it extremely difficult to tackle, despite its enormous costs, which have been es...

BACKGROUND Four social audits in 1998, 2003, 2006 and 2009 identified actions that Nicaragua could take to reduce corruption and public perception in primary health care and other key services. METHODS In a 71-cluster sample, weighted according to the 1995 census and stratified by geographic region and settlement type, we audited the same five public services: health centres and health posts,...

The essence of deviant behavior, the factors leading to it, its varieties and legal consequences are considered. Illegal immoral acts, various addictions, suicides all realities today. Abnormality deviance become a typical widespread phenomenon, especially dangerous is fairly delinquent as result which society gradually sinks into state anomie, companion any crises social upheavals. This determ...

The objective of this article is to discuss the potential of economic analysis as a tool for identification and evaluation of corruption in legislative acts. We propose that corruption be perceived as a risk variable within the legislative process. Therefore we find it appropriate to employ risk analysis methods, used in various fields of economics, for the evaluation of corruption in legislati...

conservation organizations are looking for new tools and one of the tools that can help organizations to meet goals, organizational transparency. trust is the foundation of empowerment and the leadership role in the formation and increase organizational effectiveness is undeniable. without confidence there is no chance of achieving its strategic objectives. however, corruption is an issue that ...

A substantial number of recent studies have examined the relationship between poverty and corruption to clarify the ways in which these phenomena interact. An understanding of this complex relationship can inform USAID planning and programming in democracy and governance, as well as in poverty reduction strategies. Corruption in the public sector-the misuse of public office for private gain-is ...