We present a generic framework for trading off fidelity and cost in computing stochastic gradients when the costs of acquiring stochastic gradients of different quality are not known a priori. We consider a mini-batch oracle that distributes a limited query budget over a number of stochastic gradients and aggregates them to estimate the true gradient. Since the optimal mini-batch size depends o...

0

in this article using comparative multi-purpose algorithm of pso, optimum capacity of new resources and their spinning storage is defined. spinning reserve requirements and optimized to maximize profit per unit is determined according to uncertainty. in fact by increasing the level of cost reservation, power supply increases but penalty of blackout decreases. in this paper in has been tried to ...

ultra-endurance mountain running has become extremely popular in recent years, and the energy cost is one of the factors that influence the final performance. the aim of this study was to determine if the energy cost of uphill running (uphill cr) can be calculated from level cr (energy cost of running in mlo2.kg-1.mn-1) in a heterogeneous group of mountain ultra-endurance runners using the di p...

The tcrm "exploitation" implies the idea of making use of the population, and in fisheries is generally regarded as a process which should be continued indefinitely without destroying the population. Very intense exploitation leading to the complete destruction of the population, or at least its reduction to a level so low that further exploitation is not worthwhile, is rarely, if ever, deliber...

Vitellogenin is a female-specific glucolipoprotein yolk precursor produced by all oviparous animals. Vitellogenin expression is under hormonal control, and the protein is generally synthesized directly before yolk deposition. In the honeybee (Apis mellifera), vitellogenin is not only synthesized by the reproductive queen, but also by the functionally sterile workers. In summer, the worker popul...

This paper extends the funnelling behavior to offer a low-cost flexible guidance of mobile entities towards a circular region goal with the guarantee of enforcing an orientation within a predefined tolerance interval. The key requirements are the same as the funnelling control, i.e. a low and constant cost update of the control even when the goal parameters change (distance and relative orienta...

Vertically integrated network firms own a natural monopoly infrastructure and compete in downstream markets for products which use the services of this facility as an essential input. Such a firm can shift costs between the network and final product sectors to foreclose efficient entry into the downstream market without triggering the traditional incremental cost test for cross-subsidies. We pr...

Making high-bandwidth Internet access pervasively available to a large world-wide audience is a difficult challenge, especially in many developing regions. As we wait for the uncertain takeoff of technologies that promise to improve the situation, we propose to explore an approach that is potentially more easily realizable: the use of digital storage media transported by the postal system as a ...