sale is the alienation of goods with all presumptive, objective and, legal rights related to them in a way that a buyer can have the goods in absolute legal possession. any defects in seller’s ownership, such as the right of easement, usufruct or lien belong to the third party interferes with the absolute ownership of the buyer and his rights. a kind of these rights recognized and protected by ...

An elementary step in drug policy analysis is comparing the cost of an intervention to its benefit in the form of the social cost averted because of reduced drug use and associated consequences. One would think that cost of illness (COI) studies would provide a solid foundation for quantifying the benefits of reduced drug use, but at present they do not. This paper suggests ways the COI studies...

BACKGROUND Health plans and members benefit from the substitution of lower-cost drug therapies that achieve the same clinical outcomes as higher-cost drugs. Previous research suggests that generic sampling programs produce drug cost savings overall, but the effects attributable to acute therapies are unknown. Encouraging physicians to prescribe less expensive, first-line antibiotics may help re...

background to estimate the total annual cost due to chronic hepatitis b (chb)-related diseases imposed on each patient and his/her family in iran.   methods economic burden of chb-related diseases (chb, cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma) were examined. in this retrospective study, 100 iranian patients were identified to obtain their socioeconomic status, utilization (direct and indirect c...

This study investigated various factors explaining the technical, allocative and cost efficiency of Finnish hospitals using parametric frontier models and nonparametric DEA models. DEA scores were correlated to the same set of variables as efficiency scores by stochastic frontier models. Specialization, specialization in expensive DRGs, sufficiently high proportion of resident physicians and in...

BACKGROUND Cost effectiveness, the ratio of relative costs of a program to its desired outcomes, is one of the basic issues in various screening programs performed to detect opium abuse. This study aimed to find the cost-effectiveness of opiates abuse screening through urine analysis. METHODS A total number of 64698 individuals were selected and divided into to five distinct groups based on t...

Single-incision laparoscopic surgery has gained increasing attention due to its potential to improve the benefits of laparoscopic surgery. However, inconvenience remains for inexperienced surgeons during surgery when instruments conflict with each other, and a glove port is used hesitantly for such diagnosis related groups (DRG) because of its high cost. Authors made a new glove port by an odd ...

OBJECTIVE To calculate the abandonment rate of oral oncolytic medications and identify factors that may affect likelihood of abandonment. STUDY DESIGN Cross-sectional cohort study using administrative claims data. METHODS We analyzed a nationally representative pharmacy claims database and identified 10,508 patients with Medicare and commercial insurance for whom oral oncolytic therapy was ...

abstract investigating economic advantages of people participation in irrigation and drainage network development in fourth area of band-e-amir region was the objective of this study. that area is 3950 hectares. case study was the research method. those farmers who participated and benefited of the project and experts and executors of the project were statistical society of this study. findings...