In this paper, we propose a location management strategy that minimizes the radio bandwidth cost for paging and location update. The proposed strategy uses the concept of multilayer and is based on the timer-initiated location update and 3-step paging. The system assigns an optimal layer number to a mobile terminal according to the user’s mobility pattern and call arrival rate. The mobile termi...

Bus transportation is the most convenient and cheapest way of public transportation in Indian cities. Due to costeffectiveness and wide reachability, buses bring people to their destinations every day. Although the bus transportation has numerous advantages over other ways of public transportation, this mode of transportation also poses a serious threat of spreading contagious diseases througho...

We report a novel purification system for 6 His-tagged proteins by magnetic affinity separation. We have developed superparamagnetic Fe3O4@SiO core-shell particles with immobilized surface iminodiacetate groups to chelate with Ni. This Ni magnetic silica nanoparticle has been shown as an efficient carrier, binder and anchor to obtain his-tagged protein directly from total cell lysate. The struc...

Objective: To estimate the cost-effectiveness of intravenous linezolid as a first-line agent against intravenous vancomycin in treating methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus–confirmed nosocomial pneumonia in four Chinese cities. Methods: A decision-analytic model of 4-week time horizon was used to conduct costeffectiveness analyses from the payer’s perspective. Clinical outcomes and resou...

Tradeable-permit systems are at the center of current interest and activity in market-based reforms of environmental policy, because these systems can offer significant advantages over conventional approaches to pollution control. Unfortunately, claims made for their relative costeffectiveness have often been exaggerated. Transaction costs, which are ubiquitous in these markets, reduce trading ...

With applications becoming larger and the increasing load on high performance systems, it is important to tackle the I/O bottleneck problem from several angles. It is not only essential to optimize the I/O accesses of any one application, but also to be able to identify and exploit opportunities resulting from the sharing of datasets across applications. Clusters are rapidly becoming the platfo...

Type 1 diabetes is one of the most common endocrine and metabolic conditions in childhood. Treatment is life-saving and lifelong, it is painful and time-consuming, it interferes with daily life, requires self-discipline and a balanced diet. Many children and adolescents are unable to cope emotionally with their diabetes, diabetes causes them embarrasment, results in discrimination and limits so...

Poultry, swine, and pre-ruminant calves have limited ability to digest phytate, the storage form of about 80% of total phosphorus in plant-based feedstuffs. The resulting excess phosphorus excretion in manure, upon application to farmlands, can leach into and pollute water bodies. Even so, a 1989 report to EPA on the costeffectiveness of Best Management Practices to reduce non-point phosphorus ...

The ubiquity of the Internet and various intranets has brought about widespread availability of online services and applications accessible through the network. Cluster-based network services have been rapidly emerging due to their costeffectiveness in achieving high availability and incremental scalability. This paper presents the design and implementation of the Neptune middleware system that...