Counterfeit drugs have been purposefully and falsely mislabeled in terms of their identity and/or source both branded generic products. The use these can lead to reduced safety efficacy that may result adverse events. This study aimed assess the extent Filipinos’ awareness identifying counterfeit medicines, its association with sociodemographic characteristics respondents. A quantitative cross-...

Malaria kills more than 1 million people a year, mostly children in sub-Saharan Africa. Antimalarial drug resistance is one of the greatest challenges facing malaria control today. We present Ronald, a Domain-Specific Language to model the fundamental forces driving antimalarial drug resistance including drug pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics, drug regimens and parasite genotypes. Example o...

Determining the authenticity of integrated circuits is paramount in preventing counterfeit and malicious hardware from being used in critical military, healthcare, aerospace, consumer, and industry applications. Existing techniques to distinguish between authentic and counterfeit integrated circuits often includes destructive testing requiring subject matter experts. We present a non-destructiv...

Given c nickels among which there may be a counterfeit coin, which can only be told apart by its weight being di erent from the others, and moreover b balances. What is the minimal number of weighings to decide whether there is a counterfeit nickel, if so which one it is and whether it is heavier or lighter than a genuine nickel. We give an answer to this question for sequential and nonsequenti...

Counterfeiting causes hundreds of billions dollars of losses around the world every year. Due to the growing prominence of online commerce, the seriousness of the situation could soon become much worse. Hence, reaching a clear understanding of the fundamental economic incentives behind this practice is of vital importance. In this paper, we investigate a problem within which a firm selling a co...

Counterfeit (or falsified) and substandard medicines pose a major public health risk. We describe the findings of Operation Storm I and II conducted in 2008-2009 to combat counterfeit medicines through partnership between national customs, Drug Regulatory Agencies (DRAs), and police in Cambodia, Indonesia, Laos, Myanmar, Singapore, Thailand, and Vietnam. Samples were obtained from seizures and ...

To what extent has the right to access generic HIV medication been implemented in Kenya for the 1.6 million people living with HIV? How does this relate to the right to health under international and national law? This paper examines a constitutional challenge brought to the High Court of Kenya in 2009 (the "Anti-Counterfeit Case") against the Anti-Counterfeit Act of 2008, which the petitioners...

During this study, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), near infrared spectroscopy (NIR) and Raman spectroscopy were applied to 55 samples of counterfeit and imitations of Viagra and 39 samples of counterfeit and imitations of Cialis. The aim of the study was to investigate which of these techniques and associations of them were the best for discriminating genuine from counterfeit a...

Counterfeiting and forging currencies is a serious threat to any economy. Even though currency exists as a variation of coins, banknotes, and electronic data, many economies remain threatened by counterfeiting which is made possible by the ongoing technological advancements in reprographic equipment available to the general public. Clearly, counterfeit currency detection is not a task that can ...

14 During this study, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), near infrared 15 spectroscopy (NIR) and Raman spectroscopy were applied to 55 samples of counterfeit and 16 imitations of Viagra ® and 39 samples of counterfeit and imitations of Cialis ® . The aim of the 17 study was to investigate which of these techniques and associations of them were the best for 18 discriminating genuin...