This paper examines the impact o.f organizational factors on the rate at which juvenile courts commit referred youth to institutions. Analyzing a national sample, the paper d.emonstrates that both .the rate at whi'ch cases are handled informally and the rate at which judges commit those youth who appear before them independently influence the overall commitment rate. It also discovers determina...

Four decades after the civil rights revolution began with the Supreme Court’s unanimous 1954 school desegregation decision, Brown v. Board of Education, the Supreme Court reversed itself in the 1990s, authorizing school districts to return to segregated and unequal public schools.... The new policies refl ected the victory of the conservative movement that altered the federal courts and turned ...

Credibility is usually accorded witnesses who testify with certainty. There is also the widely held belief that stress creates an indelible picture on the mind. The experimental studies and decisions by the courts involving these beliefs are set out.

The traditional goal of legal authorities has been to obtain widespread public compliance with the law and legal directives. Empirical research findings have shown that legitimacy – typically operationalized as felt obligation to obey authorizes and trust and confidence in the relevant institutions – plays an important role in achieving such compliance. But over time the goals of legal authorit...

unwillingness of the competent state to prosecute and investigate an international crime within the jurisdiction of the international criminal court is one of the aspects of admissibility of a case in the court. unwillingness is originally a subjective concept and is capable for a vast interpretation therefore may endanger the basic goal of complementarity principle i.e. respecting states sover...

in modern legal systems there are a variety of sources of law. judicial precedent is one of the legal sources; thus, precedents of supreme court, like enactments of parliament, are enforceable in courts. this similarity between precedents and acts impose many problems as role of supreme court in interpretation of   laws. but the most important problem is the possibility of changing previous pre...

This article considers the type of evidence that an overseer (e.g., a court) should require before allowing a government agent to take some proposed action. The court can increase agency research incentives by prohibiting actions unless the agent produces supporting evidence, and/or by permitting action even when the agent uncovers adverse evidence. The court thus faces a trade-off between an e...

 In addition, the courts also examine previous court decisions that applied and interpreted the Criminal Code in cases with similar facts and issues as the case at hand. This is called “case law” or “precedent.” Judgments from the Supreme Court of Canada are the most authoritative source of case law. They are binding in every other court in Canada (meaning, subsequent judgments must follow the...

The juvenile court judge occupies a unique position. Like all other judges, the juvenile court judge must apply the law to resolve a dispute. For juvenile court judges handling abuse and neglect cases, however, the law requires a new type of role. The judge must monitor whether child welfare agencies have provided services to individual children and families sufficient to comply with federal an...

The juvenile court was founded on a rehabilitation model in which competence of the juvenile defendant to undergo criminal process was not an issue. A few juveniles charged with serious crimes such as murder were waived to adult court, but maturity was generally taken into consideration in the waiver decision, and so severely mentally ill, mentally retarded, or very young defendants tended to r...