Bacterial surface capsular polysaccharides (CPS) that are similar in carbohydrate sequence may differ markedly in immunogenicity and antigenicity. The structural origin of these phenomena is poorly understood. Such a case is presented by the Gram-positive bacteria Streptococcus agalactiae (Group B Streptococcus; GBS) type III (GBSIII) and Streptococcus pneumoniae (Pn) type 14 (Pn14), which shar...

BACKGROUND Prevalence of chest pain syndromes (CPS)-chest pain, angina pectoris, chronic angina, and preinfarction angina/intermediate coronary syndrome (ICS)-among hypertensive patients and medical management of these disorders in primary care are not well defined. METHODS The Hypertension Initiative primary care database with 72,508 hypertensives was analyzed to characterize prevalence and ...

Central pain syndrome (CPS) is a debilitating and chronic pain condition that results from a lesion or dysfunction in the CNS. The pathophysiological mechanisms underlying CPS are poorly understood. We recently demonstrated that CPS is associated with suppressed inputs from the inhibitory nucleus zona incerta to the posterior thalamus (PO). As a consequence, activity in PO is abnormally increas...

Collagen peptides (CPs) have demonstrated to exert beneficial effects on skin photoaging. However, little has been done to evaluate their effects on chronologically aged skin. Here, the effects of CPs from bovine bone on skin aging were investigated in chronologically aged mice. 13-month-old female Kunming mice were administered with CPs from bovine bone (200, 400 and 800 mg/kg body weight/day)...

The pneumococcus is a leading global pathogen and a key virulence factor possessed by the majority of pneumococci is an antigenic polysaccharide capsule ('serotype'), which is encoded by the capsular (cps) locus. Approximately 100 different serotypes are known, but the extent of sequence diversity within the cps loci of individual serotypes is not well understood. Investigating serotype-specifi...

BACKGROUND There is very little published data on the antibody response to the Vi capsular polysaccharide (Vi-CPS) of S. Typhi during naturally acquired typhoid fever in an endemic area. METHODOLOGY An indirect ELISA, using tyraminated, purified Vi-CPS, was used to assay anti-Vi-CPS antibodies from typhoid fever cases and controls living in the Ho Chi Minh City and Mekong Delta region of Viet...

1.0 Background In the future Cyber Physical Systems (CPS), more and more devices will be connected and controlled in real time. Unfortunately, complex real time systems cannot be exhaustively tested. Nor can it be formally verified completely because verification of temporal logic specifications takes exponential time. It is more important than ever to ensure the robustness and stability of net...

The parsing problem is ubiquitous in Computer Science. Perhaps that is part of the reason it has been used so frequently to illustrate the power of continuations and monads. It is often the case, though, that the parser examples of continuation passing style and monads are top-down parsers. I intend to show that the continuation passing style of programming naturally leads to bottom-up or recur...

The CPS transformation dates back to the early 1970’s, where it arose as a technique to represent the control flow of programs in λ-calculus based programming languages as λ-terms in the full (free β) λ-calculus. Toward the end of that decade and afterward, compiler writers found that terms in continuation passing style represented a good intermediate language between their corresponding direct...

Creating safe Transportation Cyber-Physical Systems (CPSs) presents new challenges as autonomous operation is attempted in unconstrained operational environments. The extremely high safety level required of such systems (perhaps one critical failure per billion operating hours) means that validation approaches will need to consider not only normal operation, but also operation with system fault...