Over the last decade, hundreds of articles have been written about creatine in scientific journals, magazines, newspapers, and on the Internet. The reason for this interest is that creatine has proven to be one of the most effective nutritional supplements available for strength/power athletes and some patient populations. Unfortunately, much of the information that has been written about creat...

Xhaffer (1)) Myers and Fine (2), and Hahn and Meyer (3) adduced evidence that muscle creatine is the precursor of urinary creatinine. This was questioned by Chanutin and Kinard (4) but was conclusively proved by Bloch, Schoenheimer, and Rittenberg (5, 6) by isotope tracer evidence, which also showed that creatinine was the only normal urinary constituent containing any significant amount of bod...

Numerous creatine formulations have been developed primarily to maximize creatine absorption. Creatine ethyl ester is alleged to increase creatine bio-availability. This study examined how a seven-week supplementation regimen combined with resistance training affected body composition, muscle mass, muscle strength and power, serum and muscle creatine levels, and serum creatinine levels in 30 no...

OBJECTIVE To investigate the effects of creatine supplementation and drop-set resistance training in untrained aging adults. Participants were randomized to one of two groups: Creatine (CR: n=14, 7 females, 7 males; 58.0±3.0yrs, 0.1g/kg/day of creatine+0.1g/kg/day of maltodextrin) or Placebo (PLA: n=17, 7 females, 10 males; age: 57.6±5.0yrs, 0.2g/kg/day of maltodextrin) during 12weeks of drop-s...

Rats were fed a 2% guanidino propionic acid diet for up to 18 weeks to induce cellular creatine depletion by inhibition of creatine uptake by this creatine analogue. Ultrastructural analysis of creatine depleted tissues showed that mitochondrial intermembrane inclusion bodies appeared in all skeletal muscles analysed, after 11 weeks of feeding. Heart had relatively few even after 18 weeks of an...

We have studied the expression of creatine kinase (CK) and the accumulation of creatine phosphate during the differentiation of human and mouse peripheral blood monocytes. Mouse monocytes cultured for 24 h do not contain detectable levels of CK and creatine phosphate. However, resident tissue macrophages and inflammatory elicited macrophages obtained from the peritoneal cavities of mice have 70...

Creatine is one of the most popular nutritional ergogenic aids for athletes. Studies have consistently shown that creatine supplementation increases intramuscular creatine concentrations which may help explain the observed improvements in high intensity exercise performance leading to greater training adaptations. In addition to athletic and exercise improvement, research has shown that creatin...

BACKGROUND Sufficient ATP concentrations maintain physiological processes and protect tissue from hypoxic damage. With decreasing oxygen concentration, ATP synthesis relies increasingly on the presence of phosphocreatine. AIM The effect of exogenously applied creatine on phosphocreatine and ATP concentrations was studied under control and anoxic conditions. METHODS Pregnant mice were fed or...

Creatine and carnosine have been considered as valuable nutraceuticals in meat products for a long time. Creatine as energy buffer plays an important role in cellular metabolism and shows protective effects in neurodegenerative diseases such as Parkinson’s disease and Huntington’s disease. Carnosine has multiple physiological functions associated with anti-oxidation and anti-aging. Although cre...