This study aimed to examine the fractal properties of optimal hydraulic gradient surface (OHGS), a geometrical body that describes way in which available energy should be spent within water distribution network ensure calculation minimum capital cost design. For this purpose, multiple benchmark and Colombian systems were optimized then analyzed compute dimension OHGS underlying structure each n...

Critical path analysis and percolation theory are known to predict accurately dc and low frequency ac electrical conductivity in strongly heterogeneous solids, and have some applications in statistics. Much of this work is dedicated to review the current state of these theories. Application to heterogeneous porous media has been slower, though the concept of percolation was invented in that con...

A stack with a small critical temperature gradient is desirable for a standing wave thermoacoustic engine to obtain a low onset temperature difference (the minimum temperature difference to start engine’s self-oscillation). The viscous and heat relaxation loss in the stack determines the critical temperature gradient. In this work, a dimensionless critical temperature gradient factor is obtaine...

introduction: groundwater is the largest resource of water supplement and shortages of surface water supplies in drought conditions that requires an increase in groundwater discharge. groundwater flow dependson the subsurface properties such as hydraulic gradient (water table gradient or head loss in artesian condition) and hydrodynamic coefficients. the flow treatment is analyzed with an accur...

Brian B. Looney A US EPA directive and related technical protocol outline the information needed to determine if monitored natural attenuation (MNA) for chlorinated solvents is a suitable remedy for a site. For some sites, conditions such as complex hydrology or perturbation of the contaminant plume caused by an existing remediation technology (e.g., pump-and-treat) make evaluation of MNA using...

Of several problems associated with theoretical explanations of the jokul­ hlaups which emerge from the outlet glacier Skeioararj okull of the ice c ap Vatnajokull i n southeast Iceland, the mechanism of flood ini ti atio n i s one that has h itherto defied explanation. We provide such an explanation based on a careful analysis of the classical Nye-Rothlisberger model; near the subglacial lake ...

Most of the hydraulic structures are founded on permeable foundation. There is, however, no procedure to fix the basic barrage parameters, which are depth of sheet piles/cutoffs and the length and thickness of floor, in a cost-effective manner. Changes in hydrological and climatic factors may alter the design seepage head of the hydraulic structures. The variation in seepage head affects the do...

We investigated relationships between whole-tree hydraulic architecture and stomatal conductance in Pinus palustris Mill. (longleaf pine) across habitats that differed in soil properties and habitat structure. Trees occupying a xeric habitat (characterized by sandy, well-drained soils, higher nitrogen availability and lower overstory tree density) were shorter in stature and had lower sapwood-t...

Introduction Conclusions References Tables Figures ◭ ◮ ◭ ◮ Back Close Full Screen / Esc Papers published in Hydrology and Earth System Sciences Discussions are under open-access review for the journal Hydrology and Earth System Sciences Abstract Introduction Conclusions References Tables Figures ◭ ◮ ◭ ◮ Back Close Full Screen / Esc Abstract One of the adaptive strategies of vegetation, particul...