The ability to produce robust and functional cross-linked materials from soluble and processable organic polymers is dependent upon facile chemistries for both reinforcing the structure through cross-linking and for subsequent decoration with active functional groups. Generally, covalent cross-linking of polymeric assemblies is brought about by the application of heat or light to generate highl...

Dielectric elastomers (DEs) that couple deformation and electrostatics have the potential for use in soft sensors actuators with applications ranging from robotic, biomedical, energy, aerospace automotive technologies. However, currently available DEs are limited by weak electromechanical coupling require large electric fields significant actuation. In this work, a statistical mechanics-based m...

The vulcanization transition-the cross-link-density-controlled equilibrium phase transition from the liquid to the amorphous solid state-is explored analytically from a renormalization-group perspective. The analysis centers on a minimal model which has previously been shown to yield a rich and informative picture of vulcanized matter at the mean-field level, including a connection with mean-fi...

INTRODUCTION Low bone mass is prevalent in HIV-positive patients. However, compared to Western countries, less is known about HIV-associated osteopenia in Asian populations. METHODS We performed a cross-sectional survey in Seoul National University Hospital from December 2011 to May 2012. We measured bone mineral density using central dual energy X-ray absorptiometry, with consent, in male HI...

A unique parabolic relation is observed to link skewness and kurtosis of density fluctuation signals, measured over the whole cross-section of the simple toroidal device TORPEX for a broad range of experimental conditions. This relationship is also valid for density fluctuation signals measured in the scrape-off layer of the TCV tokamak. All the probability density functions (PDFs) of the measu...

Chemical cross-linking combined with mass spectrometry has proven useful for studying protein-protein interactions and protein structure, however the low density of cross-link data has so far precluded its use in determining structures de novo. Cross-linking density has been typically limited by the chemical selectivity of the standard cross-linking reagents that are commonly used for protein c...

Spontaneous cross-linking in vitro, during incubation of purified collagen in nonstriated and native type fibrils, was studied to elucidate the relationship between intra and intermolecular cross-links. In nonbanded fibrils, the aldol condensation products of two allysyl residues, previously shown to constitute the intramolecular cross-link, formed spontaneously and could be isolated as such, w...

Community structure appears to be an intrinsic property of many complex real-world networks. However, recent work shows that real-world networks reveal even more sophisticated modules than classical cohesive (link-density) communities. In particular, networks can also be naturally partitioned according to similar patterns of connectedness among the nodes, revealing link-pattern communities. We ...