We present design aspects of a cryogenic sapphire oscillator that is being developed for ultra-high short-term stability and low phase noise in support of the Cassini Ka-band (32-GHz) radio science experiment. With cooling provided by a commercial cryocooler instead of liquid helium, this standard is designed to operate continuously for periods of a year or more. Performance targets are a stabi...

We describe the combination of buffer-gas cooling with electrostatic velocity filtering to produce a high-flux continuous guided beam of internally cold and slow polar molecules. In a previous paper (L.D. van Buuren et al., Phys. Rev. Lett., 2009, 102, 033001) we presented results on density and state purity for guided beams of ammonia and formaldehyde using an optimized set-up. Here we describ...

We describe a cryogenic cavity-optomechanical system that combines Si3N4 membranes with a mechanically rigid Fabry–Perot cavity. The extremely high products of quality factor and frequency of the membranes allow us to cool a MHz mechanical mode to a phonon occupation of n̄ < 10, starting at a bath temperature of 5K. We show that even at cold temperatures thermally occupied mechanical modes of th...

Tribological properties are directly related to cutting efficiency. To achieve high machinability performances, sustainable coolants (minimum quantity lubricant (MQL), cryogenic etc.) have been used instead of conventional fluids in recent years. This study MQL and cryogenic-cooling techniques while milling Al-based hybrid composites. The effects different environments on flank wear, surface ro...

We have used laser ablation and helium buffer-gas cooling to produce titanium-helium van der Waals molecules at cryogenic temperatures. The molecules were detected through laser-induced fluorescence spectroscopy. Ground-state Ti(a^{3}F_{2})-He binding energies were determined for the ground and first rotationally excited states from studying equilibrium thermodynamic properties, and found to ag...

Cryocrystallography is an indispensable technique that is routinely used for single-crystal X-ray diffraction data collection at temperatures near 100 K, where radiation damage is mitigated. Modern procedures and tools to cryoprotect and rapidly cool macromolecular crystals with a significant solvent fraction to below the glass-transition phase of water are reviewed. Reagents and methods to hel...

We demonstrate multiple photon cycling and radiative force deflection on the triatomic free radical strontium monohydroxide (SrOH). Optical cycling is achieved on SrOH in a cryogenic buffer-gas beam by employing the rotationally closed ( )  = P N 1 branch of the vibronic transition ̃ ( ) ̃ ( ) S « P + X A 000 000 2 2 1 2 . A single repumping laser excites the Sr–O stretching vibrational mode, ...

Two-dimensional gas chromatography not only provides improved resolution, it can also provide much faster analysis times. A two-dimensional gas chromatography system based on a simplified Deans switch design is used to analyze the alcohol content in denatured fuel grade ethanol. By using two short columns of different selectivity, the two-dimensional gas chromatography application completes thi...