BACKGROUND Various characteristics of goats mean they are highly suitable livestock for backyard rearing by people with limited resources. They are a popular livestock choice in India, where they are often kept to supplement an already scarce income. In these settings, hygiene and sanitation standards tend to be low, and weakens the interface between humans and animals, thus reducing the barrie...

INTRODUCTION This work describes the genetic characterization of Cryptosporidium and Giardia involved in an outbreak in a nursery school in Granada, Spain, that affected seven children under the age of 4. METHODS Nucleic acids were extracted from the seven stool samples positive to Cryptosporidium or Giardia by microscopy and/or immunochromatography. The species and subtypes of Cryptosporidiu...

BACKGROUND/AIMS It is not known how enteric cryptosporidiosis induces severe intestinal impairment despite minimal invasion by the parasite. The aim of this study was to analyse the histological features and locally implicated immune cells in colonic biopsies of AIDS related cryptosporidiosis. PATIENTS/METHODS Colonic biopsies from patients with AIDS related cryptosporidiosis (n = 10, group I...

We report the first identified outbreak of cryptosporidiosis with Cryptosporidium cuniculus following a water quality incident in Northamptonshire, UK. A standardised, enhanced Cryptosporidium exposure questionnaire was administered to all cases of cryptosporidiosis after the incident. Stool samples, water testing, microscopy slides and rabbit gut contents positive for Cryptosporidium were type...

Many studies have evaluated the role of Cryptosporidium spp. in outbreaks of enteric illness, but few studies have evaluated sporadic cryptosporidiosis in the United States. To assess the risk factors for sporadic cryptosporidiosis among immunocompetent persons, a matched case-control study was conducted in seven sites of the Foodborne Diseases Active Surveillance Network (FoodNet) involving 28...

Giardia lamblia is one of the most common parasitic infections. Although standard treatments are usually curative, some immunocompromised patients, including patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome as well as healthy patients, have giardiasis that is refractory to recommended regimens. We report our experience with 6 patients with giardiasis, for whom therapy with a combination of quin...

The microaerophilic parasite Giardia lamblia is a causative agent of dysentery affecting hundreds of millions of people around the globe every year. The symptoms of the disease, commonly referred to as giardiasis, are diarrhea, nausea, and malabsorption. Treatment of giardiasis is exclusively based on chemotherapy with antigiardial drugs, including metronidazole, albendazole, and nitazoxanide. ...

BACKGROUND Over 200 cryptosporidiosis outbreaks have been reported, but little is known if other enteric pathogens were also involved in some of these outbreaks. Recently, an outbreak of cryptosporidiosis linked to poor hygiene by two Cryptosporidium hominis subtypes occurred in a pediatric hospital ward (Ward A) in China, lasting for more than 14 months. In this study, the concurrence during t...

The presence of pathogenic bacteria and parasites in drinking water is a well-known cause of human disease outbreaks (Isaac-Renton & Cordeiro 1993, Koenraad et al. 1997). There is however, a lack of knowledge of the contamination routes to water. In Norway, the supply of drinking water to the public and the food industry is primarily based on chlorinated surface water. Since the Eurasian beaver...

Giardia lamblia is the most common intestinal parasite in the United States and is worldwide in distribution. l Approximately 4 percent of stool specimens submitted to public health laboratories in this country contain Giardia cysts.2 The usual symptoms of acute giardiasis include diarrhea, abdominal cramps, nausea, and weight loss. Many, if not most, individuals with Giardia infection are asym...