Cefotaxime diffused consistently and in therapeutic levels into the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of 13 children successfully treated for bacterial meningitis. CSF cefotaxime levels early (6.0 micrograms/ml) and late (1.2 micrograms/ml) in treatment were severalfold the MBCs for the infecting organisms. After a single 40-mg/kg dose to each of five infants with ventriculostomies, mean CSF levels of ...

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4 Overview of the Thesis 11

Objective. To examine the effectiveness of oral vitamin D(3) (400 IU) supplementation on the nutritional vitamin D status of breastfeeding infants. Design. As part of a larger ongoing vitamin D RCT trial of lactating women, infants of mothers assigned to control received 1 drop of 400 IU vitamin D(3)/day starting at one month of age. Infant 25(OH)D levels (mean +/- S.D.) were measured by RIA at...

The pharmacokinetics of recombinant human granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (rhGM-CSF), induction of anti-GM-CSF antibodies, and clinical effects related to the induction of the antibodies were analyzed in patients with metastatic colorectal carcinoma (CRC) who were not on chemotherapy (n = 20, nonimmunocompromised patients). rhGM-CSF (250 micrograms/m2/d; Escherichia coli-derive...

BACKGROUND HIV-associated cryptococcal meningitis is associated with an estimated 600 000 deaths worldwide per year. Current standard initial therapy consists of amphotericin B (AmB) plus flucytosine (5-FC), but 5-FC remains largely unavailable in Asia and Africa. Alternative, more widely available, and/or more effective antifungal combination treatment regimens are urgently needed. METHODS E...

The CLSI established clinical breakpoints (CBPs) for caspofungin (CSF), micafungin (MCF) and anidulafungin (ANF) versus Candida. The same CBP (susceptible (S): MIC ≤ 2 mcg/ml; non-S: MIC > 2 mcg/ml) was applied to all echinocandins and species. More data now allow reassessment of these CBPs. We examined cases of echinocandin failure where both MICs and fks mutations were assessed; wild type (WT...

OBJECTIVE To examine the vitamin D status of 4-month-old exclusively breastfed infants supplemented with 400 IU daily of vitamin D and to determine whether there was any seasonal variation in serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) levels of infants. METHODS In this cross-sectional study, serum calcium, phosphorus, alkaline phosphatase, parathyroid hormone, and 25(OH)D levels of 143 exclusively b...

S100B in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF-S100B) was measured in calves with 20 neurologic and 21 non-neurologic diseases to clarify its utility as a biomarker for neurologic diseases. The median CSF-S100B value in the neurologic disease group (43.0 ng/ml) was significantly higher than that in the non-neurologic disease group (10.2 ng/ml). As CSF-S100B levels in calves with neurologic diseases widely d...