Intergroup cognition has been among the central topics of social psychology since its inception, and research has recently surged in allied fields such as developmental and cognitive psychology. Cognitive anthropology has also offered unique contributions, especially by drawing attention to commonalities as well as differences across cultural settings. This review places the study of intergroup...

Is there a sense of chance shared by all individuals, regardless of their schooling or culture? To test whether the ability to make correct probabilistic evaluations depends on educational and cultural guidance, we investigated probabilistic cognition in preliterate and prenumerate Kaqchikel and K'iche', two indigenous Mayan groups, living in remote areas of Guatemala. Although the tested indiv...

This paper is meant as a basis for discussion towards a framework for cog-nitive architectures integrating remembering, rehearsal, language and empathy. It describes the programmatic background of our concrete work on intelligent autonomous agents. The goal is to motivate a common framework which should inspire research onàrtiicial cognition' for autonomous robots as well as investigations on c...

Classical cognitive science was launched on the premise that the architecture of human cognition is uniform and universal across the species. This premise is biologically impossible and is being actively undermined by, for example, imaging genomics. Anthropology (including archaeology, biological anthropology, linguistics, and cultural anthropology) is, in contrast, largely concerned with the d...

We examine the implications of IR Cohen’s ‘cognitive principle’ address of the immune system [1-3] for the HIV vaccine program. This approach takes on a special importance in the context of recent work by Nisbett et al. [4] showing clearly that central nervous system (CNS) cognition is fundamentally different for populations having different cultural systems, and in the context of a growing bod...

Formal models of cultural evolution analyze how cognitive and affective processes combine with patterns of social interaction to generate the distributions and dynamics of ‘representations’— ideas, beliefs, schemas, or mental models. Recently, cognitive anthropologists have made three criticisms of such models: First, mental representations are non-discrete. Second, cultural transmission is hig...

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Cultural psychologists have shown that people from Western countries exhibit more independent self-construal and analytic (rule-based) cognition than people from East Asia, who exhibit more interdependent self-construal and holistic (relationship-based) cognition. One explanation for this cross-cultural variation is the ecocultural hypothesis, which links contemporary psychological differences ...

We propose that the crucial difference between human cognition and that of other species is the ability to participate with others in collaborative activities with shared goals and intentions: shared intentionality. Participation in such activities requires not only especially powerful forms of intention reading and cultural learning, but also a unique motivation to share psychological states w...

Eighty years ago, L. S. Vygotsky complained that psychology was misled in studying thought independent of emotion. This situation has not signifi cantly changed, as most learning scientists continue to study cognition independent of emotion. In this book, the authors use cultural-historical activity theory as a perspective to investigate cognition, emotion, learning, and teaching in mathematics...