The rostroventromedial medulla (RVM), together with the periaqueductal gray matter (PAG), constitutes the descendent antinociceptive system. Additionally, these structures mutually regulate defensive behaviors, including tonic immobility (TI) in guinea pigs. The current study was undertaken to evaluate the connections of the RVM with the PAG and the spinal cord in guinea pigs in order to provid...

Nelson, Amanda J., and Gary A. Iwamoto. Reversibility of exercise-induced dendritic attenuation in brain cardiorespiratory and locomotor areas following exercise detraining. J Appl Physiol 101: 1243–1251, 2006. First published June 22, 2006; doi:10.1152/japplphysiol.00483.2006.—It has been shown previously that dendritic branching in cardiorespiratory and locomotor brain areas can be attenuated...

Spinohypothalamic tract (SHT) cells are spinal cord neurons with axons that project directly to or through the contralateral hypothalamus. Frequently, SHT axons decussate in the posterior optic chiasm, turn posteriorly and descend to unknown locations in the ipsilateral brain. We attempted to determine the course and the termination of these descending axons. Sixty neurons in the cervical enlar...

This paper explores the relationship between bird omens that occur in both Sanskrit Gārgīyajyotiṣa Aṅga 42 and Akkadian Šumma Ālu related Cuneiform tablets. After an overview of their source, study proceeds to compare Indian Mesopotamian with special reference crow order show series omen verses share a common conceptual paradigm. A list different birds animals mentioned occurs appendix.