Uncertain process is a sequence of uncertain variables indexed by time. This paper aims to introduce a kind of uncertain process named uncertain delayed renewal reward process whose interarrival times and rewards (or costs) are regarded as uncertain variables with the first interarrival ( i.e., renewal) time and reward different from the others, respectively. The main results include the uncert...

This research is motivated by the renewal of learning paradigm in 2013 curriculum which prioritizes application higher thinking skills, aims to increase potential and skills students 21st century. One life that must have critical this study analyze characteristics students' completing HOTS type national exam. The sample was 50 class XII MIA SMA Negeri 1 Jaya academic year 2019/2020 using purpos...

In this article, we study the discounted penalty at ruin in a perturbed compound Poisson model with two-sided jumps. We show that it satisfies a renewal equation under suitable conditions and consider an application of this renewal equation to study some perpetual American options. In particular, our renewal equation gives a generalization of the renewal equation in Gerber and Landry [2] where ...

It is well-known in ruin theory that the expected present value of penalty at ruin satisfies a defective renewal equation in the Erlang-n renewal risk model. This paper presents a new matrix operator approach to derive a parallel defective renewal equation for the expected present value of total operating costs in a phase-type renewal risk model and hence provides explicit matrix analytic solut...

The most commonly used models for the failure process of a repairable system are nonhomogeneous Poisson processes, corresponding to minimal repairs, and renewal processes, corresponding to perfect repairs. This paper studies a more general model for recurrent events, called the Trend-Renewal Process (TRP). This is a time transformed renewal process, having both the ordinary renewal process and ...

INTRODUCTION Future physician leaders must be able to critically assess health care policy and patient advocacy issues. Currently, no nationally accepted, standardized curriculum to provide advocacy education during orthopedic residency training exists. We therefore developed an "Advocacy" curriculum for our orthopedic residents designed to direct particular attention to patient advocacy, speci...

Renewal-anomalous-heterogeneous files are solved. A simple file is made of Brownian hard spheres that diffuse stochastically in an effective 1D channel. Generally, Brownian files are heterogeneous: the spheres’ diffusion coefficients are distributed and the initial spheres’ density is non-uniform. In renewal-anomalous files, the distribution of waiting times for individual jumps is exponential ...

Some problems of point and interval prediction in a trend-renewal process (TRP) are considered. TRP’s, whose realizations depend on a renewal distribution as well as on a trend function, comprise the non-homogeneous Poisson and renewal processes and serve as useful reliability models for repairable systems. For these processes, some possible ideas and methods for constructing the predicted next...

this paper examines the structure and form of the alley spaces in kampala central businessdistrict, with purpose to examine their uses, and the potential for urban renewal. the study employed multiplemethodological approaches and procedures including document review, case study approaches and analysis anddeduction of empirical findings, and explanation building. the study findings reveal that a...