Article history: Received 5 August 2011 Received in revised form 31 August 2011 Accepted 7 September 2011 Available online 22 September 2011 The ‘monopoly face’ of unions suggests that the rent-seeking activities of unions discourage research and development investment and that the collective bargaining rules may restrict management flexibility, thus deterring innovations. On the other hand, th...

We investigate the determinants of US credit union capital-to-assets ratios, before and after the implementation of the current capital adequacy regulatory framework in 2000. Capitalization varies pro-cyclically, and credit unions classified as adequately capitalized or below followed a faster adjustment path than well capitalized credit unions. Credit unions managed their capital more actively...

Trade unions have an ambiguous relationship with the use of temporary agency work. A firm’s employment of agency workers may be perceived as a replacement of directly employed workers or as way to curb union power, which trade unions would oppose. Alternatively, trade unions may encourage the (temporary) employment of agency workers in a firm, if they manage to bargain higher wages for their me...

This paper uses hazard function estimations together with cross-sectional growth regressions to examine the impact of exit through merger and acquisition (M&A) or failure, and internally-generated growth, on the firm-size distribution of US credit unions. Consolidation through M&A was the principal cause of a reduction in the number of credit unions, but impact on concentration was small. A pos...

We provide the first analyses of infant mortality rates by indigenous ethnic group in Finland, a country that has one of the lowest relative numbers of infant deaths in the world. Using files from the Finnish population register, we identified both of the parents of children born in the period from 1975-2003 according to ethnic affiliation, socioeconomic profile, and demographic position. The i...

The article is devoted to the formation of personnel potential customs authorities. conditions for professional and general cultural (universal) competencies within framework federal state educational standards higher education in preparation students specialty "Customs" are analyzed. authors have developed organizational methodological recommendations emotional competence university students, ...