Abstract Various materials and compounds have been used in the design of diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (DWMRI) phantoms to mimic biological tissue properties, including diffusion. This review thus provides an overview preparations various DW-MRI available relation limitations strengths materials/solutions fill them. The narrative conducted from relevant databases shows that synt...

In recent years, many different plans have been considered to use the nuclear energy gained from inertial confinement fusion (ICF) as attempts to obtain high energy efficiencies. In conventional ICF methods, a small amount (about mg) of the deuterium–tritium compound is confined in a small spherical chamber of a few millimeters in radius and compressed by laser or heavy ion beams with powers in...

The elastic buckling of shell structures such as spherical shells subject to external pressure and cylindrical shells loaded in axial compression is highly sensitive to imperfections and often catastrophic. Recent studies of spherical shells have provided accurate quantitative results for the relation between the buckling pressure and the amplitude and shape of geometric imperfections and, addi...

We study the role of Coulomb and surface effects on the phase transition from dense nuclear matter to a mixed phase of nuclear and kaon-condensed matter. We calculate corrections to the bulk calculation of the equation of state (EOS) and the critical density for the transition by solving explicitly for spherical, cylindrical and planar structures. The importance of Debye screening in the determ...

Fluid flow has a fundamental role in the performance of packed bed reactors. Some related issues, such as pressure drop, are strongly affected by porosity, so non-spherical particles are used in industry for enhancement or creation of the desired porosity. In this study, the effects of particle shape, size, and porosity of the bed on the hydrodynamics of packed beds are investigated with three ...