CASE REPORT A woman, treated with immunomodulatory and immunosuppressive drugs for multiple sclerosis, developed macular oedema 4 months after oral fingolimod administration. The patient was previously seen by an ophthalmologist, with a normal anterior segment and funduscopic examination. Four months after the treatment she referred to decreased visual acuity in both eyes. The funduscopic and O...

Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are nowadays widely used in ophthalmology to reduce eye inflammation, pain, and cystoid macular edema associated with cataract surgery. Recently, new topical NSAIDs have been approved for topical ophthalmic use, allowing for greater drug penetration into the vitreous. Hence, new therapeutic effects can be achieved, such as reduction of exudation sec...

Method: We examined 81 eyes of 58 consecutive patients diagnosed as DME. The condition of the posterior wall of the posterior precortical vitreous pocket (PPVP) was classified into 4 groups based on 12-mm horizontal and vertical scans through the macula using SS-OCT. Classifications were: Group 1, no posterior vitreous detachments (PVDs); Group 2, perifoveal PVD; Group 3, macular PVD; and Group...

Three patients with intraocular inflammation and unusual progressive subretinal lesions are described. This entity is characterised by a chronic vitreous inflammation in association with whitish "fibrotic'-like subretinal lesions which progressively enlarge and coalesce. The patients all developed cystoid macular oedema. The differential diagnosis of this entity is discussed. These patients app...

Ophthalmic drug delivery to the posterior segment of eye has been challenging due complex ocular anatomy. Intravitreal injection drugs was introduced deliver therapeutic doses in segment. Different diseases including age-related macular degeneration, diabetic edema, retinal vein occlusions, uveitis, and cystoid among others, have historically treated with intravitreal corticosteroids injections...

PURPOSE To describe clinical and imaging findings in two eyes with new onset subtle neovascular age-related macular degeneration that was detected by the regular use of a home monitoring device based on preferential hyperacuity visual field testing. METHODS Interventional case report. RESULTS Case 1, an 82-year-old man with the intermediate stage of age-related macular degeneration in both ...

PURPOSE To investigate the additive effect of oral steroid with topical nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) on cystoid macular edema (CME) in patients with epiretinal membrane (ERM) after cataract surgery. METHODS Medical records of subjects who underwent uneventful cataract surgery (n = 1,349) were retrospectively reviewed; among these patients, those with pre-existing ERM (n = 81) w...

Birdshot chorioretinitis (BSCR), an ocular autoimmune disease, is one of the most well-characterized posterior uveitis syndromes, with its strong HLA-A29 haplotype association and characteristic disease features (i.e., optic disc edema, periphlebitis, cystoid macular edema, and chorioretinal lesions leading to degenerative changes of the retina, choroid, and retinal pigment epithelium). The spe...

In a retrospective survey of patients taking medication for hyperlipidaemia, those taking niacin (nicotinic acid) were more likely (p < 0.05) to report sicca syndromes, blurred vision, eyelid oedema, and macular oedema compared with those who never took niacin. Additionally, 7% of those taking niacin discontinued the drug owing to adverse ocular side effects, while none of the other lipid lower...

Pseudophakic cystoid macular edema (PCME) is the most common complication of cataract surgery, leading in some cases to a decrease in vision. Although the pathogenesis of PCME is not completely understood, the contribution of postsurgical inflammation is generally accepted. Consequently, anti-inflammatory medicines, including steroids and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, have been postulat...