BACKGROUND Interferon-gamma is a key cytokine in the protective responses against intracellular pathogens. A single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) located in the first intron of the human IFN-gamma gene can putatively influence the secretion of cytokine with an impact on infection outcome as demonstrated for tuberculosis and other complex diseases. Our aim was to investigate the putative associa...

Background: Rheusmatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic systemic disease characterized by articular involvement and extra-articular manifestation. A cytokine with immunomodulatory properties, interleukin-21 (IL-21) influences both the innate acquired immunity. The aim of this work was to detect IL-21 polymorphism (rs2221903) in cases RA determine its role pathogenesis activity disease.Methods: This...

Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a complex, progressive degenerative retinal disease. Retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells play an important role in the immune defense of eye and their dysfunction leads to irreversible photoreceptors. Genetic factors, chronic inflammation, oxidative stress have been implicated AMD pathogenesis. Oxidative causes RPE injury, resulting inflammatory resp...

Endotoxin-stimulated blood cytokine responses have been widely used to describe compromised host defense mechanisms after trauma. We investigated whether blood cytokine production after endotoxin stimulation is able to define distinct trauma-induced alteration patterns and whether alteration patterns are associated with tumor necrosis factor (TNF) gene polymorphisms. In 48 patients undergoing j...

Introduction: Transforming Growth Factor-Beta 1 (TGF-β1) is a pleiotropic cytokine with potent anti-inflammatory property, which has been considered as an essential risk factor in the inflammatory process of Ischemic Stroke (IS), by involving in the pathophysiological progression of hypertension, atherosclerosis, and lipid metabolisms. -509C/T TGF-β1 gene polymorphism&n...

Background: Macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) is a key pro-inflammatory cytokine that is secreted by active macrophages accumulated in ectopic tissue of endometriosis. It involves in pathophysiological events of endometriosis such as angiogenesis, cell proliferation and it can stimulate the synthesis of PGE2 that are necessary for survival and establishment of ectopic endometriosis t...

Obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD) is a neurobiological disease characterized with obsessions and compulsions. Obsessive compulsive disorder occurs with an autoimmune mechanism after Group A β hemolytic streptococcus (GABHS) infection. Tumor necrosis factor (TNF) is an important cytokine, as well as having an important role in the apoptosis mechanism of autoimmune diseases. It is expressed by ...

the aim of this study was to examine the association of 22 cytokine gene polymorphism in macedonians with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (copd). the sample of the population comprised of 301 normal respondents and 62 patients with copd. cytokine genotyping was performed by polymerase chain reaction with sequence-specific priming (pcr-ssp). positive (susceptible) association was found bet...