& Wilson, 1999). With occasional exceptions, men far outnumber women as the killers and women outnumber men as the victims (Daly & Wilson, 1988; Dobash & Dobash, 1979). These killings present a puzzle for social scientists: Why would the relationship most frequently characterized by love result in the highest risk of death? Several hypotheses have been advanced to account for these findings. On...

OBJECTIVE To evaluate population health benefits and cost-effectiveness of interventions for reducing salt in the diet. DESIGN Proportional multistate life-table modelling of cardiovascular disease and health sector cost outcomes over the lifetime of the Australian population in 2003. INTERVENTIONS The current Australian programme of incentives to the food industry for moderate reduction of...

BACKGROUND Sickle cell disease (SCD) constitutes a major public health problem in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). Newborn screening and early subsequent clinical intervention can reduce early mortality and increase life expectancy, but have not been widely implemented in SSA. This analysis assesses the cost-effectiveness of a newborn screening and prophylactic intervention (NSPI) package for SCD in 4...

The chemical composition of soils reflects the degree industrial exposure. Cu and Ni concentrations in «Severonickel » plant vicinity are higher than remote ones. In impact area, mean concentration heavy metals subsoils is 55 [ppm] for 33 Cu. Soils’ varies over different mineral horizons. subsoil layer main accumulator elements, including pollutants. Erosion surface technogenic disturbance soil...

The use of the disability-adjusted life year (DALY) as the unit in which to calculate the burden of disease associated with reproductive ill-health has given rise to considerable debate. Criticisms include the failure to address the problem of missing and inadequate epidemiological data, inability to deal adequately with co-morbidities, and lack of transparency in the process of ascribing disab...

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Disability-adjusted life year (DALY) metric reflects years of healthy life lost because of living with disability and years of life lost because of premature mortality. Widely used in epidemiological analyses, DALY has not been applied to acute stroke trials. METHODS From previous studies, we derived, for each modified Rankin Scale level, disability weights, disability-...

BACKGROUND Evidence for cost-effectiveness of interventions for HIV/AIDS in Africa is fragmentary. Cost-effectiveness is, however, highly relevant. African governments face difficult choices in striking the right balance between prevention, treatment, and care, all of which are necessary to deal comprehensively with the epidemic. Reductions in drug prices have raised the priority of treatment, ...

OBJECTIVE To ascertain the cost effectiveness of targeted interventions for female sex workers (FSW) under the National AIDS Control Programme in India. METHODS A compartmental mathematical Markov state model was used over a 20-year time horizon (1995-2015) to estimate the cost effectiveness of FSW targeted interventions, with a health system perspective. The incremental costs and effects of ...

BACKGROUND Examining life expectancy and general mortality rates, the health of the population of Geneva can be described as one of the best in the world. However, in some areas Geneva fares worse than the rest of Switzerland or Europe. To re-appraise the current health priorities of the Genevan population, we analysed the relative importance of specific diseases and injuries calculating DALYs....

OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to estimate the cost-effectiveness of syndromic management, with and without periodic presumptive treatment (PPT), in averting sexually transmitted infections (STIs) and HIV in female sex workers (FSWs) participating in a hotel-based intervention in Johannesburg. STUDY DESIGN Financial and economic providers' costs were estimated. A mathematical model...