In this paper, we argue that prototypes can hinder, rather than aid effective communication. The dangers are: (1) prototypes may contain hidden assumptions which might surface too late; (2) obtaining feedback in the context of use is prohibitively expensive and rarely done; and (3) partly as a consequence of these problems, prototypes cause a focus on displays and other surface features of comp...

Whereas it is expedient to provide for the control ?nd prevention of dangerous diseases in Bengal, it is hereby enacted as follows:? ,1(i) This Act may be called the "Prevention of dangerous Diseases Act." (?) It extends to the whole of Bengal (except placcs Where the Calcutta Municipal Act, 1923 is in force). (Hi) It shall come into force on For the purposes o>f this Act, unless there is any"l...

In this paper we prove an exponential separation between two very similar and natural SAT encodings for the same problem, thereby showing that researchers must be careful when designing encodings, lest they accidentally introduce complexity into the problem being studied. This result provides a formal explanation for empirical results showing that the encoding of a problem can dramatically affe...

Dangerous Anthropogenic Interference The United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) commits signatory nations (which includes all major nations including the United States) to stabilizing greenhouse gas concentrations at levels short of DAI. To properly define DAI, one must take into account issues that are not only scientific, but, as I have argued elsewhere (2), economic, ...

A dangerous bias Sir, In their recently published paper (Domar et al., 2013), the authors' conclusion that 'there is little evidence of benefit from the antide-pressants prescribed for the majority of women of childbearing age—and there is ample evidence of risk', is based on a biased reading of the literature. Rather than including a balanced analysis of the studies on the subject, they cite f...

STUDY DESIGN A computed tomography study. OBJECTIVE The aim of the study was to clarify the position of the aorta relative to the spine in patients with Lenke type 1 adolescent idiopathic scoliosis. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA Several authors have examined the position of the aorta in patients with scoliosis; however, their analysis included several types of curve. There is a possibility tha...

Measurement error causes biases in regression fits. If one could accurately measure exposure to environmental lead media, the line obtained would differ in important ways from the line obtained when one measures exposure with error. The effects of measurement error vary from study to study. It is dangerous to take measurement error corrections derived from one study and apply them to data from ...

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A 76-year-old man developed a hemoperitoneum after ERCP for choledocholithiasis. He underwent a laparotomy and splenectomy for a capsular tear at the splenic hilum, a rare complication of ERCP. "Bowing" of the endoscope with torsion on the greater curvature of the stomach may lead to shear forces causing splenic injury.