PURPOSE Glaucoma is presumed to result in the selective loss of retinal ganglion cells. In many neural systems, this loss would initiate a cascade of transneuronal degeneration. The quantification of changes in neuronal populations in the middle layers of the retina can be difficult with conventional histologic techniques. A method was developed based on multiphoton imaging of 4',6'-diamino-2-p...

Background and Objective: Biomaterials and nanomaterials have generated a great opportunity in regenerative medicine. Neurological disorders can result in permanent and severe derangement in motor and sensory functions. This study was conducted to examine the effects of selenium nanoparticles (Se NPs) as a chemical inducer for differentiation of PC12 cells into sympathetic-like neurons characte...

Aerobic and anaerobic microbial key processes were quantified and compared to microbial numbers and morphological structure in Mediterranean sponges. Direct counts on histological sections stained with DAPI showed that sponges with high microbial abundances (HMA sponges) have a denser morphological structure with a reduced aquiferous system compared to low microbial abundance (LMA) sponges. In ...

Fig. I. Survivin inhibits Baxand Faa-inducedapoptosis in 293 cells. A, 293 cells were transfectedwith pcDNA3myc (control), pcDNA3myc-Survivin,pcDNA3myc-XIAP. pcDNA3-Bax, pcDNA3myc-Survivin+ pcDNA3-Bax, or pcDNA3myc-XIAP+ pcDNA3-Bax plasmidDNAs. One day later,the percentageof apoptoticcells (DAPI-staining)was determined (mean ±SE for three determinations). B, the expression of the transfected p...

Saccharomyces cerevisiae are widely used for imaging fluorescently tagged protein fusions. Fluorescent proteins can easily be inserted into yeast genes at their chromosomal locus, by homologous recombination, for expression of tagged proteins at endogenous levels. This is especially useful for incorporation of multiple fluorescent protein fusions into a single strain, which can be challenging i...

Using high-resolution flow cytometry of bacterial shape (forward scatter) and DNA content (DAPI staining), we detected dramatic differences in the fecal microbiota composition during murine colitis that were validated using 16S rDNA sequencing. This innovative method provides a fast and inexpensive tool to interrogate the microbiota on the single-cell level.