Studying plant phenology is very important to regulate the rangeland utilization. Plant phenology can be determined by Growing Degree Days (GDDs). Since temperature varies yearly, the phenological stages may consequently differ yearly. Determining the base temperature is one of the key steps in the calculation of GDDs. The aim of this study was to calculate the required GDDs for each phenologic...

geographic information and analysis provide a wide range of data and techniques to monitor and manage natural resources. as an important case, in arid and semi-arid areas, water management is critical for both local governance and citizens. as a result, the estimation of water potential brought by snowmelt runoff and rainfalls seems to be very useful and important for these areas. hydrological ...

the result of wind dynamic (capacity and potential) is transport of soil or sediment particles and subsequent formative desert landforms based on the severity of erosion or sedimentation. the khartouran region, because of its geology, geomorphology and climatology conditions is a special place in the arid region on the closed basin of dasht-e-kavir. it is evident that the ecosystem balance of t...

Agriculture has been a widespread activity in Kashan since a long time ago which has developed traditions and local skills. The said traditions and skills of earning living from farming has created a system which could be recognized as an agricultural heritage due to its values. This heritage possesses significant structural dimensions; as the form and feature of farms as well as their location...

The result of wind dynamic (capacity and potential) is transport of soil or sediment particles and subsequent formative desert landforms based on the severity of erosion or sedimentation. The Khartouran region, because of its geology, geomorphology and climatology conditions is a special place in the arid region on the closed basin of Dasht-e-kavir. It is evident that the ecosystem balance of t...

We discuss a figured pin from Shahdad, previously well known but published with a partial and unsatisfactory drawing.  More detailed observations and a new, more realistic recording of this important artifact reconsider its stylistic and iconographic links with the imagery of the Halil Rud civilization and the eastern Iranian Plateau in general, and, at its opposite cultural poles, with Mesopot...

estimation of the magnitude and frequency of maximum instantaneous discharges and hydrographs are used for a variety of purposes, such as the design of bridges, culverts, flood-control structures; and the management and regulation of floodplains. fuller (1914), developed a flood-frequency formula based on analysis of flood peaks in hundred of streams to provide simple methods of estimating maxi...