The effects of a pulse charging technique on charge–discharge behavior and cycling characteristics of commercial lithium-ion batteries were investigated by comparison with the conventional direct current (dc) charging. The impedance spectra and cycling voltammograms of Li-ion batteries cycled by both protocols have been measured. The individual electrodes in the batteries have also been examine...

Characterization of battery and supercapacitor materials devices is typically performed using various methods such as cyclic voltammetry, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, galvanostatic cycling, etc. However, none these techniques allow for operando tracking changes in the electrode material’s in-plane ionic electronic percolation under polarization, which plays a key-role performance mat...

Dendritic cells (DC) are key regulators of T cell immunity and tolerance. NKT cells are well-known enhancers of Th differentiation and regulatory T cell function. However, the nature of the DC directing T and NKT cell activation and polarization as well as the role of the respective CD1d Ags presented is still unclear. In this study, we show that peptide-specific CD4(+)IL-10(+) T cell-mediated ...

Suppressed adaptive immune function is one of the major concerns responsible for the development of opportunistic infections and subsequent sepsis with high mortality in severe burns. Endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) is the endogenous self-protective mechanism, and it plays an important role in almost every process of living by regulating the balance between homeostasis and apoptosis. The cur...

Pollen grains induce allergies in susceptible individuals by release of allergens upon contact with mucosal membranes of the upper respiratory tract. We recently demonstrated that pollen not only function as allergen carriers but also as rich sources of bioactive lipids that attract cells involved in allergic inflammation such as neutrophils and eosinophils. Here we demonstrate that soluble fac...

Dendritic cells (DCs) are specialized antigen-presenting cells that have a notable role in the initiation and regulation of innate and adaptive immune responses. In the context of cancer, appropriately activated DCs can induce anti-tumor immunity by activating innate immune cells and tumor-specific lymphocytes that target cancer cells. However, the tumor microenvironment (TME) imposes different...

MIP is a nonpathogenic, soil-borne predecessor of Mycobacterium avium. It has been reported previously that MIP possesses strong immunomodulatory properties and confers protection against experimental TB and tumor. DCs, by virtue of their unmatched antigen-presentation potential, play a critical role in activation of antitumor and antimycobacterial immune response. The effect of MIP on the beha...

Understanding which cellular compartments are influenced during neuromodulation underpins any rational effort to explain and optimize outcomes. Axon terminals have long been speculated to be sensitive to polarization, but experimentally informed models for CNS stimulation are lacking. We conducted simultaneous intracellular recording from the neuron soma and axon terminal (blebs) during extrace...

The ionic and electrochemical polarization characteristics of two boules of single crystal sodium beta-alumina (Na20.8Al203), 2 cm in diameter, were investigated over the range of 250 to 30* C using 2and 4-probe ac and dc techniques with reversible and ion-blocking electrodes. Textural (or internal) polarization at 270 C was present only in boule 1 which cleaved easily. Interfacial polarization...

The converter transformer is an essential part of the DC transmission system. Compared with traditional oil-impregnated AC transformer, main insulation bears more complex electric field aging stress during long-term operation. influence proportion components in AC/DC composite on still unclear. Therefore, a combined test platform and thermal was built laboratory, accelerated tests oil-paper und...