Governments often enact policies to incentivize consumers away from behaviors with negative externalities, at the expense of consumer convenience. Understanding the nonmonetary costs consumers face has implications for social welfare evaluation and policy design; however, quantifying these costs is not always feasible. In this paper, I precisely identify and measure a hidden time cost of an inc...

The Douro Carboniferous Basin (DCB), aged from Gzhelian, is an important coal-bearing basin occurring in Northern Portugal. While the coals and sedimentary sequence of DCB have been deeply studied, inorganic geochemical data are scarce. This study intends to provide major trace element contents discuss their modes occurrence origins using a set twenty-four coal samples São Pedro da Cova Coalfie...

Devonian-Carboniferous boundary is not clear in the Eastern Alborz Mountains. In the current study Tuyeh-Darvar section with about 170 m, thickness is selected. In this investigation, the primary goal is revision of Devonian/Carboniferous Boundary (known as DCB) and the other goal is the redefinition of the DCB as a famous necessity (based on ICS program in 2008 for defining the boundary and to...

The stress corrosion cracking (SCC) of different aging states for 7050 aluminum alloy in 3.5% sodium chloride aqueous solution has been studied by means of double cantilever beam (DCB) specimens, cathodic polarization, scanning electron microscope (SEM), transmission electron microscope (TEM) and time-of-flying second ion mass spectrometer (ToF-SIMS). The results showed that the susceptibility ...

A review of randomized controlled trials and observational cohort studies found in the PubMed, Embase, Cochrane databases through April 2021. In 26 comprising 26,845 patients who were treated by uncoated balloon (UCB) (17,770) or drug-coated (DCB) (9075) angioplasty for lower extremity peripheral arterial disease (LE-PAD), DCB was associated with significantly vessel restenosis, reduction major...

1.1 This test method describes the determination of the opening Mode I interlaminar fracture toughness, GIc, of continuous fiber-reinforced composite materials using the double cantilever beam (DCB) specimen (Fig. 1). 1.2 This test method is limited to use with composites consisting of unidirectional carbon fiber and glass fiber tape laminates with brittle and tough single-phase polymer matrice...

For the evaluation of double cantilever beam (DCB) test several approaches are applicable that can provide different results. This ambiguity significantly affect numerical models which refer to experimentally obtained material parameters. In this work, for presented. It is shown equations derived from theory give reasonable results and good agreement between experiments, analytical solutions. c...

A mechanical model for the prediction of mode I delamination failure of a laminated double cantilever beam (DCB) type specimen is presented. The volume of material ahead of the crack tip that experiences high stresses due to the presence of the crack tip was replaced by a nonlinear elastic spring foundation. The volume undergoing global deformation due to the external loading was replaced by a ...

Laboratory experiments have been conducted to elucidate the photochemical behavior of 3,3'-dichlorobenzidine (DCB) and its congeners in aquatic systems. Photodechlorination of DCB was observed in aqueous samples that were irradiated with monochromatic radiation from a variable-wavelength laser at several wavelengths in the range 300 nm < or = lambda < or = 360 nm. Analytical measurements perfor...