GROSS cupping of the disc which is not glaucomatous, associated with a wide scleral halo, or ring, and pigmentary disturbance has been described several times in 'the literature. Itmay be unilateral or bilateral. The visual acuity may be much or little reduced ana the field restricted or normal. Where it is unilateral the'fellow eye may be quite normal. The cup may contain a fine film of bluish...

Although deep drawing process in the macro scale are well developed, the known concepts cannot be applied to micro deep drawing through directly scale down the specimen and tooling size due to the so-called size effects. Therefore, tensile test and micro deep drawing experiments were conducted to generate the knowledge for the micro deep drawing process. Stainless steel 304 foils with 4 differe...

The competition among sheet-metal-forming manufacturers in recent years has become more severe. Many have survived by cutting their production costs. Increasing the formability, which could reduce costs, is focus of many and engineers. In present research, to increase formability over limiting drawing ratio (LDR) cylindrical deep-drawing process, application oleophobic coating proposed. An SUS3...

This paper investigates the forming of sheet metal forming under cycling loading by considering the Bauschinger effect. Different proposed plasticity models which can handle this kind of deformation process have been reviewed in details. For instance, isotropic, kinematic and combined forms in the linear and non-linear cases including the well-known Yoshida and Chaboche's models have been studi...

Intelligent deep-drawing is an instrumental research field in sheet metal forming. A set of 28 different experimental data have been employed in this paper, investigating the roles of die radius, punch radius, friction coefficients and drawing ratios for axisymmetric workpieces deep drawing. This paper focuses an evolutionary neural network, specifically, error back propagation in collaboration...

Geometrical inaccuracy of sheet metal parts due to springback are the reason for considerable efforts in the tool and process development. Numerous studies have been carried out in order to find the optimum process parameters and tool geometry so that the resulted parts to be within tolerances. In the present paper, the finite element method coupled to the neural network method are used to get ...

based on two-dimensional plane stress and bifurcation functional from hill's general theory in polar coordinate the critical condition for elastic wrinkling of the flange of a circular blank ( the wave number in the flange and wrinkled area) during the deep-drawing process are obtained analyticaly to improve the previous given results. in this analytical study, the elastic limitation of the mat...

Failure of an acetabular cup is uncommon and has been attributed to wear or creep, trauma or bony irregularities in the acetabulum. We report ten cases in which fracture of the cup occurred at the site of drill holes used to anchor the marker wire. The role of such indentations as stress raisers has not been previously reported; we suggest that deep indentations or grooves should not be placed ...