One approach to the general problem of the structure and function of enzymes involves proteolytic hydrolysis with examination of the structure, composition, and catalytic activity of the hydrolysis products. Fragments retaining partial enzyme activity have been obtained from trypsin and pepsin by autolysis (2, 3) and from trypsinogen by peptic digestion (4). Over half of the amino acid residues...

T he largest barrier reef in the world, Australia’s Great Barrier Reef (GBR), extends for over 2,300 km and encompasses nearly 3,000 individual reef formations. An ecosystem of extraordinary diversity and beauty (Fig. 1A), it is aWorld Heritage Site that brings substantial resources to the Australian economy, including over 50,000 full-time jobs and A$5.5 billion annually (1). It is also widely...

Hyaluronic acid (HA) is a natural macromolecule with importance in the pharmaceutical, medical and cosmetic industries. The knowledge of its hydrodynamic properties is fundamentally important for further study on its applications. The aim of our study was to investigate and provide hydrodynamic parameters for six different molar mass samples chemically produced by depolymerisation of a high mol...

The integrity of extracted ribonucleic acid (RNA) is commonly assessed by gel electrophoresis and subsequent analysis of the ribosomal RNA (rRNA) bands. Using the honey bee, Apis mellifera (Hymenoptera: Apidae), as an example, the electrophoretic rRNA profile of insects is explained. This profile differs significantly from the standard benchmark since the 28S rRNA of most insects contains an en...

The document binarization of the degraded document is a challenging task due to variation in background and foreground. In recent years degraded documentation is active research topic. In this paper, the approach for segmentation of text from the degraded document images is presented by using adaptive image contrast. It is a combination of local image contrast and gradient. The performance of t...

Restoration of images that have been blurred by the effects of a Gaussian blurring function is an ill-posed but well-studied problem. Any blur that is spatially invariant can be expressed as a convolution kernel in an integral equation. Fast and effective algorithms then exist for determining the original image by preconditioned iterative methods. If the blurring function is spatially variant, ...

The requirement for high quality/non-degraded RNA is essential for an array of molecular biology analyses. When analysing the integrity of rRNA from the barnacle Lepas anatifera (Phylum Arthropoda, Subphylum Crustacea), atypical or sub-optimal rRNA profiles that were apparently degraded were observed on a bioanalyser electropherogram. It was subsequently discovered that the rRNA was not degrade...

Recently, a new kind of images taken by a camera in a "real-world" environment appeared. It implies different strong degradations missing in scanner-based pictures and the presence of complex backgrounds. In order to segment text more properly as possible, a new binarization technique is proposed using color information. This information is used at proper moments in the processing not from the ...

This paper determines the sum-capacity of degraded Gaussian K-user interference channels (IFCs). To this end, the paper first develops a family of genie-MAC (multiple access channel) outer bounds for Gaussian K-user interference channels. This family is based on existing genie-aided bounding mechanisms, but differs from current approaches in its optimization problem formulation and application....

Critical to low-vision navigation are the abilities to recover scale and update a 3-D representation of space. In order to investigate whether these abilities are present under low-vision conditions, we employed the triangulation task of eyes-closed indirect walking to previously viewed targets on the ground. This task requires that the observer continually update the location of the target wit...