source localization is an essential part of array signal processing including radar, sonar, seismology and oceanography applications. the performance of the presented source localization methods are degraded substantially in practical situations. one of the conditions which decreases the performance o

A broadcast channel given by p(y 1 , y 2 |x) is said to be (physically degraded) if p(y 1 , y 2 |x) = p(y 1 |x)p(y 2 |y 1), ∀x ∈ X , ∀y 1 ∈ Y 1 , ∀y 2 ∈ Y 2. A broadcast channel given by p(y 1 , y 2 |x) is said to be (stochastic degraded) if its conditional marginal distributions p(y 1 |x) and p(y 2 |x) are the same as that of a physically degraded broadcast channel; that is, if there exists a ...

land cover change constitutes one of main way of alteration of soil organic matter in both quantitative and qualitative terms. the goal of this study was to compare the carbon stock and the isotopic signature of the organic matter in the soil of areas with different land use, covered with forest and grass (pasture). the study area is located at sorocaba, sp, brazil. using un-deformed soil sampl...

A network of 24 beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) tree-ring chronologies has been developed for the Italian peninsula. Principal component and cluster analyses were used to identify geographical and altitudinal patterns of tree growth. Correlations and response functions were then applied to the main modes of tree-ring variability to uncover climatic signals. In a landscape occupied by humans for mill...

We present results from simulations to examine how the separation between two convectively unstable layers affects their interaction. We show that two convectively ustable layers remain connected via the overshooting plumes even when they are separated by several pressure scale heights.

There are currently three major competing views on the nature of earthquake fault zones. The first is that faults are (possibly segmented and heterogeneous) Euclidean zones in a continuum solid. The second focuses on granular aspects of faults and deformation fields. The third is that faults are fundamentally rough fractal objects at all relevant scales. The existing data can not distinguish un...