The work highlighted a multicultural approach to ethical issues in school, as Nigerian its heterogeneous nature and democratic tenets will stand better position fight ethnocentrism racism that often result from ignorance of other people’s culture. essence education can be seen the perspective cultural tolerance complementarity. By way recommendation, paper made strong moral case for inclusive d...

The “democratic peace” is not only a fancy idea of academia, most prominently advanced by the philosopher of Enlightenment Immanuel Kant in his famous essay on “Perpetual Peace” (1795), but two hundred years later, is established as a liberal research program in the U.S. International Relations discipline. The famous statement “democracies do not fight each other” seems so far to represent a re...

Purpose: Existing attempts to assess national development and processes of democratization suffer from conceptual and measurement challenges. This paper proposes a comprehensive concept of democratic development and develops a more inclusive concept of democracy to provide a common set of categories to evaluate its depth and quality. Design/methodology/approach: In order to measure the depth an...

The democratic critique of judicial review by constitutional courts has prompted its defenders to counter that courts have democratic qualities as good as, and in certain respects even stronger than, conventional democratic politics. This article offers a critical analysis of three arguments favouring this approach. The first argues that constitutional courts operate as exemplars of democratic ...

1. THE PROBLEM. Something is rotten in the electoral state of the United States. Mathematics is involved. Advances in computer technology—hardware and software— have permitted a great leap “forward” in the fine art of political gerrymandering—“the practice of dividing a geographical area into electoral districts, often of highly irregular shape, to give one political party an unfair advantage b...

This article suggests that in the origins of modern state, there is a paradox: the state concentrates the use of violence and, in this way, it is the main source of violence; but at the same time, attempts to delete it. To solve this paradox is the main challenge of the democratic state. If modern state provides security without rights, it would lose legitimacy, its moral advantage. At internat...

‘Non-state armed groups’ refers to groups who retain the potential to deploy arms for political, economic and ideological objectives, which in practice are often translated into an open challenge to the authority of the state. In principle, non-state armed groups and political parties/movements are perceived as two opposite models of approach to democratic political processes. However, given th...

This paper reviews certain decisions adopted recently by the Spanish Constitutional Court (STC 136/2011, ATC 7/2012 and ATC 9/2012), which reveal a certain disregard for rule of law in legislative proceedings. This affects Parliament’s minorities insofar as it prevents or hinders their legislative participation and their access to the Constitutional Court, both key elements in any democratic st...