Social networks, such as virtual communities, permit connections between citizen and government. Integrating consultative and deliberative environments for popular participation in democratic issues and creating virtual communities for warranting better relationship among members make it possible to model decisionmaking processes. For this reason, the Democratic Citizenship Community (DCC) was ...

BACKGROUND Increasing numbers of human African trypanosomiasis (HAT) cases have been reported in urban residents of Kinshasa, Democratic Republic Congo since 1996. We set up a case-control study to identify risk factors for the disease. METHODS All residents of the urban part of Kinshasa with parasitologically confirmed HAT and presenting for treatment to the city's specialized HAT clinics be...

urban spaces and in other words urban design and architecture have been found with close linkage with art and beauty especially the arts such as painting and sculpture. addressing beauty at different areas such as creation of galleries to offer works of art, addressing form of urban spaces and representing works of art in urban environment have improved social life and increased identity, conse...

Recent work by political sociologists and social movement theorists extend our understanding of how religious institutions contribute to expanding democracy, but nearly all analyze religious institutions as institutions; few focus directly on what religion qua religion might contribute. This article strives to illuminate the impact of religious culture per se, extending recent work on religion ...

A central concern of media scholars such as Ben Bagdikian and Robert McChesney is the undemocratic potential of the U.S. mainstream media system, dominated by a small number of highly consolidated, multinational, corporate media firms. In this context, other scholars, including Chris Atton, John Downing, Stephen Duncombe, Nina Eliasoph, and Clemencia Rodriguez, have argued for the importance of...

nowadays programming and designing of green space of urban area, without considering the criteria for 'optimum standards of green areas is impossible, . in this research, it is tried to determine, the per capita standard rate of green space in different regions of gorgan city, . the applied methedology is an integration of several international and local methods, based on the principles of...

isovist and visibility graph analysis tools are used to quantify and measure the quality of space, and despite their lack of maturity and evolution, they are considered to be the future of space analysis tools by researchers. this study was undertaken with the purpose of introducing the aforementioned tools for analyzing sanandaj’s urban areas. in this study, four different urban areas in sanan...

Background Timely initiation of breastfeeding can decrease neonatal mortality. However, about 50% of newborns are not breastfeed within 1 h of birth in the Democratic Republic of Congo. The aim of this study was to identify factors associated with delayed initiation of breastfeeding in an urban and rural area of Bukavu, South Kivu province, Democratic Republic of Congo. Methods We interviewed...

the theory of natural movement was developed by hillier and hanson at 1984 and investigates the relation between social and spatial forms. hillier believes that space is the key aspect of how social and cultural worlds are made in the real world. hillier claims that social and spatial forms follow such a consistent pattern that spatial configuration determines social patterns such as land-use a...