Although there are many studies in the literature that explain modern costing approaches including activity-based costing (ABC), the number of studies that present real life applications is very few. This is especially true for logistics and transportation applications. One of the main difficulties in land transportation companies is to determine and evaluate true cost of their operations and s...

Biodiversity conservation on private land of the developed world faces several challenges. The costs of land are often high, and the attitudes of landowners towards conservation are variable. Scientists and practitioners need to scan for and adopt cost-effective solutions that allow for the long-term sustainability of conservation measures on private land. In this study, we focus on one of such...

Advantages of decentralized transportation planning responsibilities may include reduced project delivery cost, the integration of comprehensive long-range planning with regional land use, and greater accountability regarding local concerns. Yet disadvantages may include a tendency for operations to dominate longer-term planning, inconsistent operational standards, and difficulty in achieving n...

Large quantities of ‘negative emissions’ will be required to meet the 1.5°C temperature target under Paris agreement. As nations consider more ambitious emissions reductions goals, policy makers, carbon market participants and environmental advocates need estimate potential scale nature-based climate solutions (NCS), against opportunity cost current land use. In this study we construct a simple...

Humans are changing the biosphere by exerting pressure on land via different land uses with variable intensities. Quantifying the relative importance of the land-use composition and intensity for communities may provide valuable insights for understanding community dynamics in human-dominated landscapes. Here, we evaluate the relative importance of the land-use composition versus land-use inten...

objective: economic analysis was performed for the main horticultural crops in buin zahra (pistachio, peach, nectarine, and apple). there were dependent and independent variables in this research. methods: the independent variables were planting method (mechanized and conventional), land area used for fruit production, and land ownership. the maximum energy used, mostly in the form of fossil fu...

Under the notion of sustainable development, a heuristic method named as the Boundary-based Fast Genetic Algorithm (BFGA) is developed to search for optimal solutions to a land use allocation problem with multiple objectives and constraints. Plans are obtained based on the trade-off among economic benefit, environmental and ecological benefit, social equity including Gross Domestic Product (GDP...