Network design problem is one of the most complicated and yet challenging problems in transportation planning. The Bi-level, non-convex and integer nature of network design problem has made it into one of the most complicated optimization problems. Inclusion of time dimension to the classical network design problem could add to this complexity. In this paper an Ant Colony System (ACS) has been ...

today each city due to natural limitations, facilities and planning policies has different growth pattern which according to its spread, has different consequences and results. although there is a wide range of urban growth patterns, but the important thing is not diversity and number of models but is the absence of rules and methods of transition from one to another pattern (form). so this art...

densification of biomass material that usually has a low density is proper way to increasing density,reduce transportation cost and simplify storage and distribution of these materials. pellet productionusing extrusion process is a common method for densification. the goal of this research isoptimization of specific energy consumption for extrusion process considering its effect on pelletdensit...

in this study the characteristics of two different kinds of la0.6sr0.4co0.2fe0.8o3 (lscf) powders, one in-house synthesized powder by a co-precipitation method and another one purchased from fuel cell materials co. (fcm co., usa), were compared. the co-precipitated powder was prepared by using ammonium carbonate as precipitant with a nh4+/no3- molar ratio of 2 and calcination at 1000c for 1 h....

This work reports on the synthesis of rare earth-doped Li₄Ti₅O12 nanosheets with high electrochemical performance as anode material both in Li half and Li₄Ti₅O12/LiFePO₄ full cell batteries. Through the combination of decreasing the particle size and doping by rare earth atoms (Ce and La), Ce and La doped Li₄Ti₅O12 nanosheets show the excellent electrochemical performance in terms of high speci...

Although plastic is ubiquitous in marine systems, our current knowledge of its transport limited. Recent studies suggest size-selective removal small particles (<5 mm) from the ocean surface as a result formation biofilm (the “plastisphere”) on microplastic particle (MP) surface. This localized microenvironment can isolate microcosm adjacent aqueous medium, and thus protect component alien s...