The effect of controlled drainage (CD) on ammonia volatilization (AV) losses from paddy fields under controlled irrigation (CI) was investigated by managing water table control levels using a lysimeter. Three drainage treatments were implemented, namely, controlled water table depth 1 (CWT1), controlled water table depth 2 (CWT2), and controlled water table depth 3 (CWT3). As the water table co...

Lack of sewage collection systems, percolation of surface waters, and seepage of wells have raised the groundwater table in Shiraz area in the south of Iran. The growing population generates environmental pollution resulting in the degradation of the quality of surface and groundwaters used for agriculture. Inorganic and organic pollutants have been traced in Shiraz water resources. Heavy metal...

Ongoing water-resource depletion is a common trend in southeastern Kazakhstan and most of Central Asia, making the use drainage water for freshwater preservation groundwater recharge key strategy sustainable agriculture. Since Ily River inflow began to decrease, levels Shengeldy study area site have fallen below pipes. As such, our main research hypothesis was that owing infiltration, regional ...

Pip is an internet protocol that scales efficiently encodes policy. It facilitates many advanced features, such as mobility and multiple defaults routing, and has a well-bounded routing table lookup, and is therefore fast. Pip is proposed as an alternative to the two “medium term” proposals that emerged from the Road (Routing and Addressing) group to deal with the dual IP problems of scaling an...

In uncon®ned aquifers ¯owing under topographic gradients, the water table is a subdued replica of the ground surface above. This principle is the basis for using detailed collateral or secondary information from digital elevation models to supplement sparse observations from water wells in the mapping of phreatic surfaces. Data from DEM-derived secondary variables are incorporated into the esti...

The development of markets for natural resources can help to ensure that individual users appropriately internalize the opportunity cost of these resources and thus can decrease resource use. However, expansion of markets also makes it possible to sell these resources, which may lead to more rapid extraction. A simple model of markets for groundwater suggests that the latter effect dominates an...