The objective of this paper is to study the impact of depth perception and movement freedom on learning surgical tasks by novice subjects using new laparoscopic technology.

the present study was carried out to determine the effects of supplementing chromium-methionine(cr-met) on performance and carcass traits in mahabadi goat kids. thirty-two male kids (averageinitial bw of 22 ± 2 kg, 4-5mo) were used in a completely randomized design of four treatments vis.:1) control (with no cr suppl.), 2) 500ug cr suppl., 3) 1000ug cr suppl.and 4) 1500ug cr suppl.as cr-met/ani...

Soil quality is a concept based on the premise that management can deteriorate, stabilize, or improve soil ecosystem functions. It is hypothesized that the degree of stratification of soil organic C and N pools with soil depth, expressed as a ratio, could indicate soil quality or soil ecosystem functioning, because surface organic matter is essential to erosion control, water infiltration, and ...

ABSTRACT: Several reinforced concrete deep beams with different L/D ratios (1.5, 1.6, 1.71) were cast and tested in order to investigate the strain distribution pattern at mid-section of the beam. This paper describes analysis of deep beams subjected to two point loading with three different L/D ratios (1.5, 1.6, 1.71) using Non-linear Finite element method (ANSYS 9.0 software). In ANSYS 9.0 so...

The North Pacific Ocean is located at the end of thermohaline circulation deep water. This study reports on basin-scale full-depth sectional distributions total dissolvable (td), dissolved (d), and labile particulate (lp) Cd, Ni, Zn, Cu along three transects: GEOTRACES transects GP18 (165°E) GP02 (47°N), 160°W. We find that scavenging an important factor significantly affects dZn, dNi, dCu, whi...

PURPOSE The AccuBoost brachytherapy system applies HDR 192Ir beams peripherally to the breast using collimating applicators. The purpose of this study was to benchmark Monte Carlo simulations of the HDR 192Ir source, to dosimetrically characterize the round applicators using established Monte Carlo simulation and radiation measurement techniques and to gather data for clinical use. METHODS Do...

Most single-frame single-band medical images, like CR, CT, and MR, are of a high nominal bit depth, which usually varies from 12 to 16 bits per pixel. The actual number of pixels' intensity levels found in those images may be smaller, than implied by the nominal bit depth, by an order of magnitude or even more. Furthermore, levels are distributed throughout almost all the entire nominal intensi...

Monitored 3-Dimensional (3D) video experience can be utilized as “feedback information” to fine tune the service parameters for providing a better service to the demanding 3D service customers. The 3D video experience which includes both video quality and depth perception is influenced by several contextual and content related factors (e.g., ambient illumination condition, content characteristi...

Recently we developed a model that reproduces the Kanizsa square illusion based on two principles: (1) a spatial 2-D integration of luminance ratio and differentiated depth signals creates a "primary" lightness map and a depth map, respectively, which is then followed by (2) a modification of the primary lightness values under influence of the perceived depth (Kogo, Strecha, Van Gool, & Wageman...