A storm that was three storms rolled into one, and more powerful than any in recorded history, hit the Atlantic Ocean coast near Gloucester, Massachusetts, in October 1991. It was formed when Hurricane Grace collided with two strong storm fronts, forming what has become known (through a book and a popular movie) as the “Perfect Storm.” This extraordinary storm whipped the sea to insurmountable ...

The ionospheric storm evolution process was monitored during the 22 September 1999 magnetic storm over the Australian eastern region, through measurements of the ionospheric Total Electron Content (TEC) from seven Global Positioning Systems (GPS) stations. The spatial and temporal variations of the ionosphere were analysed as a time series of TEC maps. Results of our analysis show that the main...

Earth’s storm tracks are instrumental for transporting heat, momentum, and moisture and thus strongly influence the surface climate. Climate models, supported by a growing body of observational data, have demonstrated that storm tracks shift poleward as the climate warms. But the dynamical mechanisms responsible for this shift remain unclear. To isolate what portion of the storm track shift may...

This case study examines the complex history of a tropical storm that formed southeast of a large subtropical gyre. In real time the tropical stormwas incorrectly identified as being two separate storms, and at one time was mislocated by 465 km. The unique forecast problems associated with tropical cyclones within a subtropical gyre are described. The tropical storm propagated around the gyre a...

Red Storm will be the first Tri-Lab [Sandia National Laboratories (SNL), Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL), and Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL)], U.S. Department of Energy/National Nuclear Security Administration, Advanced Simulation and Computing (ASC) platform to be managed under an explicit capability computing policy directive. Instead of allocating nodes among SNL:LANL:LL...

The vulnerability of buildings on coastal dikes due to overtopping wave impacts is difficult to assess. A method is developed in this paper to quantify the vulnerability of masonry buildings on a coastal dike exposed to wave overtopping. Using previous studies, the accidental loads due to the extreme wave impacts are characterized. Using the approach from Eurocode 6, the strength of masonry bui...

Transient eddies in the extratropical storm tracks are a primary mechanism for the transport of momentum, energy, and water in the atmosphere, and as such are a major component of the climate system. Changes in the extratropical storm tracks under global warming would impact these transports, the ocean circulation and carbon cycle, and society through changing weather patterns. I show that the ...