This paper examines the relationship between fiscal policy and inflation for 44 countries, from 1960 to 2020. The study was conducted using a panel VAR approach while accounting difference in monetary frameworks levels of space across countries. Results suggest that budget deficits are less likely cause when is based on targeting. In contrast, they inflationary group countries with poorly struc...

Releasing prices and performing cash subsidy payment to all applicants with a different income level create differences in the method of household function and different services of organizations including waste and recycling management organization. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of cash subsidy payment on the quantity of domestic waste in Rasht (Guilan province, Iran)....

Many policy search algorithms minimize the Kullback-Leibler (KL) divergence to a certain target distribution in order to fit their policy. The commonly used KL-divergence forces the resulting policy to be ’reward-attracted’. The policy tries to reproduce all positively rewarded experience while negative experience is neglected. However, the KL-divergence is not symmetric and we can also minimiz...

This paper gives a general framework for analyzing a trade divergence that runs across both the New International trade theory and the traditional analysis of export policy. The source of the trade divergence, the motive for intervention and the analytical framework is shown to be the same in all models. The sign of the trade divergence and hence the policy recommendation is determined by the m...

This paper deals with optimal dividend payment problem in the general setup of a piecewise-deterministic compound Poisson risk model. The objective of an insurance business under consideration is to maximize the expected discounted dividend payout up to the time of ruin. Both restricted and unrestricted payment schemes are considered. In the case of restricted payment scheme, the value function...