renal cell carcinoma comprises about 2% of adult tumors. the overall 10-year survival rate of patients with rcc after nephrectomy is about 18-27%. the incidence of metastasis of initial rcc is about 24-28%, but this rate after nephrectomy is as high as 51%. the most common site of recurrence is the lung, however liver and bone metastases are common. there are many reported cases with late metas...

Background: Malignant pleural effusion is common in patients with advanced malignant tumor. The aim of this study is to analyze the characteristics of pleural metastasis of renal clear cell carcinoma, pleural effusion under medical thoracoscopy and the diagnostic value of interventional thoracoscopy-guided biopsy, and to improve the understanding of pleural metastasis of renal clear cell carcin...

introduction: thermal ablation by microwave (mwa) has proven efficacy in treatment of primary and metastatic cancers. soft tissue tumors could be ablated completely using mwa. however, bony tissue metastasis particularly spinal vertebral metastasis ablation has not reported yet. case presentation: a 50 year old male patient with primary diagnosed colon cancer undergone surgical resection of tum...

despite the high rate of prostate cancer, the incidence of penile metastasis originating from prostate cancer is extremely rare, especially in the form of peyronie’s disease. moreover, brain metastasis, which is caused by prostate cancer, is not a common phenomenon and occurs mostly in older patients. herein, we report a case of a middle-aged man with penile and brain metastasis originating fro...

..................................................................................88 Introduction..............................................................................88 Summary of bud4 and axl2 in Saccharomycetes cerevisiae...............89 Axl2-GFP localization is determined by the cell cycle in yeast. .........90 Secondary development in Aspergillus nidulans.............................