The genotypes of photoperiod response genes Ppd-B1 and Ppd-D1 in Japanese wheat cultivars were determined by a PCR-based method, and heading times were compared among genotypes. Most of the Japanese wheat cultivars, except those from the Hokkaido region, carried the photoperiod-insensitive allele Ppd-D1a, and heading was accelerated 10.3 days compared with the Ppd-D1b genotype. Early cultivars ...

Heading date and grain weight are two determining agronomic traits of crop yield. To date, molecular factors controlling both heading date and grain weight have not been identified. Here we report the isolation of a hemizygous mutation, heading and grain weight (hgw), which delays heading and reduces grain weight in rice. Analysis of hgw mutant phenotypes indicate that the hemizygous hgw mutati...

Recent years have brought forward different models on how the brain might encode heading from optic flow. Neurons in these models can encode heading for a variety of self-motion conditions, while responding to optic flow stimuli similarly as found in electrophysiological studies. Yet, little attention has been given to the receptive field structure of neurons that integrate local motion signals...

The intensity and the frequency of extreme drought are increasing worldwide. An elevated atmospheric CO2 concentration could counterbalance negative impacts water shortage; however, wheat genotypes show high variability in terms reactions. development root system is a key parameter abiotic stress resistance. In our study, biomass grain production, as well growth three winter-wheat varieties wer...

Snakes can utilize obstacles to move through complex terrain, but the development of robots with similar capabilities is hindered by our understanding of how snakes manage the forces arising from interactions with heterogeneities. To discover principles of how and when to use potential obstacles, we studied a desert-dwelling snake, C. occipitalis, which uses a serpenoid template to move on homo...

Leaf senescence is an important physiological process involving the degradation of a number of metabolites and their remobilization to new reproductive and storage organs. NAC (NAM, ATAF, and CUC) transcription factors are reported as important regulators of the senescence process. Here, we describe the identification and functional characterization of the NAC transcription factor gene, OsY37 (...

This paper aims to introduce and discuss six challenges and issues facing the development of SDIs which will be able to meet the sustainable development objectives of society. These issues and challenges include: SDI to facilitate spatially enabled government Role of government, private and academic sectors Development of SDI vision, mission and road map – where are we heading? SDI to facilitat...

to evaluate interaction of salinity stress and nitrogen use methods on yield and yield components, in experiment was conducted in split plot in randomized complete block with 3 replications. treatments included: salinity of irrigation water levels 1.5, 4.4 and 7.9 ds/m as main plots, and nitrogen treatments 1. using n fertilizer at 3 stage in soil, 2. using two third n fertilizer in soil at pla...