All sciences need and many arts apply mathematics whereas mathematics seems to be independent of all of them, but only based upon logic. This conservative concept, however, needs to be revised because, contrary to Platonic idealism (frequently called "realism" by mathematicians), mathematical ideas, notions, and, in particular, numbers are not at all independent of physical laws and prerequisites.

The renaissance of epistemology between the two world wars forms a bridge between early modern and contemporary philosophy of knowledge. At the turn of the century there had been a resurgence of interest in epistemology through an anti-metaphysical, naturalist, reaction against the nineteenth-century development of Neo-Kantian and Neo-Hegelian idealism. Within German-speaking philosophy, this r...

Abstract The rejection of metaphysical questions is a constant in Carnap’s thought. first part the paper delves into question basic tenets anti-metaphysics. Tying up to accounts authors like Michael Friedman and Werner Sauer, author examines relation between verificationism so-called logical criteria, arguing not only that secondary, but integration both instruments early philosophy faces diffi...

We aim to present Friedrich von Hardenberg (Novalis) (1772-1801) as a precursor of ecological thought, observing how he values nature in his result constant attempt overcome Fichtean dualism by means poetry, through the study natural sciences and also Plotinus’ philosophy. observe that Novalis tries, with partial success, modify Philosophy, evolving from subjective idealism fashion towards sync...