Generally, international flows of capital and foreign direct investment attraction are challengeable issues in the literature of economic growth and development in emerging market countries. However, the fluctuations in foreign direct investment, including sudden flood and stop, will affect emerging markets' output and macroeconomic variables. Using an econometric model with unbalanced panel da...

Monetary policies, either actual or perceived, cause changes in monetary interest rates. These changes impact the economy through financial institutions, which react to changes in the monetary rates with changes in their administered rates, on both deposits and lendings. The dynamics of administered bank interest rates in response to changes in money market rates is thus essential to examine th...

We propose a theoretical model based on the bank lending channel to assess the ability of lending facilities and swap programmes to a¤ect the credit interest rate. The model predicts the success of both unconventional monetary measures in reducing the credit interest rate under very general conditions. The comparison between measures reveals the outperformance of lending facilities over swap pr...

This note presents a stylized model of monetary and fiscal policies in which policy regime evolves randomly according to a Markov chain. This simple model is designed to illustrate that well-defined and unique equilibria can exist even in such an environment. It also shows that under certain assumptions about policy behavior, tax disturbances can generate wealth effects in line with the fiscal ...