BACKGROUND The need for reoperation or wound infection treatments between pulsatile and gravity irrigation are statistically equivalent, however, it is unclear which method maximizes operative efficiency and expeditious irrigation. In this study we set out to determine the differences in irrigation rate between these various treatment methods. METHODS This was an ex-vivo experimental laborato...

The literate and city-based polities of Sumer and Akkad in southern Iraq are widely regarded as among the earliest examples of successful city-based civilisation, and great strides have been made in understanding their archaeology, economy, literature and social conditions. Fundamental to the development of these societies was a network of water channels, which provided irrigation for the culti...

One of the problems of existing irrigation networks is seepage phenomena. Seepage problem and its control in irrigation channels is one of the most important issues in the design, construction, maintenance and operation of these channels. In this study, simulated the rate of seepage and phreatic lines in the Mianab irrigation and drainage channels located in the Karun basin using mathematical t...

Este artigo faz um balanço pessoal do percurso da Linguateca, uma organização virtual em demanda de uma maior facilidade e qualidade no processamento da ĺıngua portuguesa, nos últimos dez anos. Inicio o artigo por uma curta perspectiva histórica para explicar o contexto em que a Linguateca surgiu e quais os objectivos iniciais para o progresso da área. Avalio de seguida resumidamente a situação...

Contents 1. Introduction 2. Factors determining the development of the hydrographic network and the hydrological regime of rivers during the present period 2.1. Relief 2.2. Climate 2.3. Soils and vegetation 2.4. Economic activity 2.4.1 Water reservoirs 2.4.2 Irrigation 3. Hydrography, hydrological knowledge, river runoff, water use and water availability 3.