Two-component systems (TCSs) are important for the adaptation and survival of bacteria and fungi under stress conditions. A TCS is often composed of a membrane-bound sensor histidine kinase (SK) and a response regulator (RR), which are relayed through sequential phosphorylation steps. However, the mechanism for how an SK is switched on in response to environmental stimuli remains obscure. Here,...

Continuous and accurate ground measurements of the fraction absorbed (fAPAR) or intercepted (fIPAR) photosynthetically active radiation by green canopy components is important to monitor functioning. fAPAR fIPAR are sensitive illumination conditions non-green during senescence stage. While several methods have been developed estimate in field from different including AccuPAR, LAI-2200 Digital H...

A data-driven nonlinear control approach, called error dynamics-based dual heuristic dynamic programming (ED-DHP), is proposed for air vehicle attitude control. To solve the optimal tracking problem, augmented system defined by derived dynamics and reference trajectory so that actor neural network can learn feedforward feedback terms at same time. During online self-learning process, learns pol...

INTRODUCTION Mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) can be used in the treatment of irritated vital pulp and repair of root perforations. However, the initial reaction of inflammatory cells to this material and also its setting time are not ideal. Studies have shown that disodium hydrogen phosphate (DHP), decreases the setting time of MTA, with no effect on its pH. This study was undertaken to evalua...

In a genome-wide search, linkage of hypokalemic periodic paralysis (HypoPP), a muscle disease with autosomal dominant inheritance, to chromosome 1q31-32 and cosegregation with the gene encoding the L-type calcium channel/DHP receptor alpha 1 subunit has been reported (Fontaine et al., 1994). Here we show the extended haplotypes of a large HypoPP family who made the detection of the gene product...

The plant hormone cytokinin stimulates target caulonemata of Funaria to form buds that develop into the leafy gametophyte. Previous reports have shown that increases in intracellular Ca(2+) occur during hormone-activated budding concomitant with an alteration in the polarity of the organelles in the bud site. In order to ascertain the involvement of voltage-dependent Ca(2+) channels in this phe...

increasing competition from global markets. Quality engineering (QE) tools and techniques are a cornerstone of continuous improvement. They have both specialist and universal applications. If they are not used in a systematic manner, quality improvements are likely to be random and spontaneous rather than comprehensive. The need for an improved understanding of the critical factors for effectiv...

The correlation between the binding of NZ-105, a newly synthesized 1,4-dihydropyridine (DHP) derivative, on DHP receptors and its inhibitory activity on transmembrane 45Ca2+ uptake was investigated. 3H-NZ-105 bound rabbit aortic microsomes more slowly than did 3H-nitrendipine (3H-NTD): the association and dissociation rate constants of 3H-NZ-105 were about 70 times and 10 times less than those ...

Two-component systems (TCSs) are key elements in bacterial signal transduction in response to environmental stresses. TCSs generally consist of sensor histidine kinases (SKs) and their cognate response regulators (RRs). Many SKs exhibit autokinase, phosphoryltransferase and phosphatase activities, which regulate RR activity through a phosphorylation and dephosphorylation cycle. However, how SKs...