in this article, the low back vowel /a/ in word-final positions in eghlidian dialect, one of persian dialects, is studied. this vowel is represented phonetically as [a], [o] and [@] in different phonetic environments. therefore many words were collected via interviewing ten native speakers so that these different alternant forms can be accounted for appropriately. since one of the authors of th...

The acquisition of regional dialect variation is an inherent part of the language learning process that takes place in the specific environments in which the child participates. This study examined dialect perception by 9-12-year-olds who grew up in two very diverse dialect regions in the United States, Western North Carolina (NC) and Southeastern Wisconsin (WI). In a dialect identification tas...

function; \codon dialect" found for individual unicellular organisms [1]. Taxonomically related organisms have similar dialects but those distantly related have distinct ones. For example, characteristics of E. coli codon{choice (E. coli dialect) di er considerably from those of yeast S. cerevisiae, but are similar to those of Salmonella. By measuring cellular tRNA contents of these three speci...

The task of recognizing spoken words is notoriously difficult. Once dialectal variation is considered, the difficulty of this task increases. When living in a new dialect region, however, processing difficulties associated with dialectal variation dissipate over time. Through a series of primed lexical decision tasks (form priming, semantic priming, and long-term repetition priming), we examine...

This project measures and classifies language variation. In contrast to earlier dialectology, we seek a comprehensive characterization of (potentially gradual) differences between dialects, rather than a geographic delineation of (discrete) features of individual words or pronunciations. More general characterizations of dialect differences then become available. We measure phonetic (un)related...

In this paper, we propose an automatic leveling system for e-learning examination pool using the algorithm of the decision tree. The automatic leveling system is built to automatically level each question in the examination pool according its difficulty. Thus, an e-learning system can choose questions that are suitable for each learner according to individual background. Not all attributes are ...

Studies of the electropolishing of copper are reviewed. Recent work intended to demonstrate the electrochemical planarization of the overburden in electroplated copper interconnect metallization is emphasized. Furthermore, two common reaction mechanisms invoked to explain the mass-transfer limitation required to achieve electropolishing are outlined and discussed within the context of anodic le...

This work provides a method that can be used to build an English TTS for a population who speak a dialect which is not defined and for which no resources exist, by showing how a Text to Speech System (TTS) was developed for the English dialect spoken in Kenya. To begin with, the existence of a unique English dialect which had not previously been defined was confirmed from the need by the Englis...