Oxidants may play a role in hypoxia-induced respiratory muscle dysfunction. In the present study we hypothesized that hypoxia-induced impairment in diaphragm contractility is associated with elevated peroxynitrite generation. In addition, we hypothesized that strenuous contractility of the diaphragm increases peroxynitrite formation. In vitro force-frequency relationship, isotonic fatigability,...

recurrent sigmoid volvulus is a clinical entity characterized by recurrent episodes of partial or complete sigmoid volvulus. although it is commonly seen in the elderly, it can be occasionally seen in younger patients. patients with recurrent partial sigmoid volvulus are relatively asymptomatic or present with mild abdominal pain. early diagnosis and treatment is essential to prevent conversion...

Background: A traumatic diaphragm rupture presents a unique obstacle to a minimally invasive surgical approach; most repairs are performed during an emergency laparotomy. Diaphragm injuries are diagnosed in the acute phase of blunt-force trauma in only 10% of cases, and a high index of suspicion must be maintained to avoid strangulation of the abdominal organs that have herniated into the thora...

Congenital diaphragmatic hernias, in newborns, with large defect of the diaphragm, are an extreme risk group and characterized by high mortality. We present our own experience successful surgical treatment a newborn aplasia left half diaphragm. The child was born State Institution «Institute Pediatrics, Obstetrics Gynecology named after academician O.M. Lukyanova National Academy Medical Scienc...

This paper presents the analysis, design, fabrication, and testing of a condenser microphone utilizing a thin low-stress polycrystalline silicon diaphragm suspended above a p+ perforated back plate. The microphone is fabricated using a combination of surface and bulk micromachining techniques in a single wafer process without the need of wafer bonding. The device shows sensitivities of -34 dB (...

NUMEROUS ANIMAL STUDIES SHOW that controlled mechanical ventilation (CMV) induces diaphragm atrophy and weakness, or ventilator-induced diaphragmatic dysfunction (VIDD) (9). During CMV, oxidative stress activates downstream proteolytic pathways (caspase, calpain, and the proteasome), and diaphragm protein synthesis decreases. Under these experimental conditions, diaphragm contractile dysfunctio...

Chronic hyperinflation of the lung in emphysema displaces the diaphragm caudally, thereby placing it in a mechanically disadvantageous position and contributing to the increased work of breathing. We tested the hypothesis that total and regional diaphragm blood flows are increased in emphysema, presumably reflecting an increased diaphragm energetic demand. Male Syrian Golden hamsters were rando...

Hyperpnea with exercise or hypercapnia causes phasic contraction of abdominal muscles, potentially lengthening the diaphragm at end expiration and unloading it during inspiration. Muscle efficiency in vitro varies with load, fiber length, and precontraction stretch. To examine whether these properties of muscle contractility determine diaphragm efficiency (Eff(di)) in vivo, we measured Eff(di) ...