Citrus farming is a major source of revenue for large and small-scale farmers in Kenya. production confronted with threats from pests diseases. Surveys citrus farms Kilifi, Kwale, Machakos Makueni counties, Kenya July/August (dry season) November/December (wet season), 2019 were conducted to identify scale insect (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha) attacking the trees (Sapindales: Rutaceae), their related...

Populations of hemlock woolly adelgid, Adelges tsugae Annand (Homoptera: Adelgidae), in the northeastern United States are injurious and unregulated, and fluctuate greatly in response to various abiotic and biotic factors. Because the life stages of A. tsugae are sedentary and firmly attached to hemlock twigs throughout most of the year, they are unable to escape the deleterious effects of weat...

In several families of scale insects (coccids), the sex of an embryo is determined by the number of genetically active genomes present (one = males, two = females). In mealybugs (Pseudococcidae), both males and females develop from fertilized eggs but, in the embryos that develop into males, the set of chromosomes (genome) of paternal origin (PG) becomes heterochromatic (H) and genetically inac...

A fungal epizootic in populations of Fiorinia externa Ferris (Hemiptera: Diaspididae) infesting hemlock trees, Tsuga canadensis (L.) Carrière (Pinales: Pinaceae) in forests of the Northeastern US has been recently detected. The current known distribution of the epizootic spans 36 sites in New York, Pennsylvania, New Jersey and Connecticut. Colletotrichum acutatum Simmonds var. fioriniae Marceli...

Past works on scale insects (Hemiptera: Coccoidea) from the Maltese Archipelago are reviewed. Based on the literature and contemporary collections, a total of 93 species of scale insects belonging to 12 scale insect families are here reported (Aclerdidae 1 species; Asterolecaniidae 4; Coccidae 17; Diaspididae 46; Eriococcidae 5; Kermesidae 1; Margarodidae 1; Micrococcidae 1; Monophlebidae 2; Ps...

A fungal epizootic has been detected in populations of the scale Fiorinia externa Ferris (Hemiptera: Diaspididae) in the eastern hemlock, Tsuga canadensis (L.) Carrière (Pinales: Pinaceae), of several northeastern states. Colletotrichum acutatum Simmonds var. fioriniae Marcelino and Gouli var. nov. inedit (Phyllachorales: Phyllachoraceae), a well-known plant pathogen, was the most commonly reco...

The usage and acceptability of biological control methods are set to increase in agriculture in the future because of food safety and pesticide residue issues. Biological control implementation in Turkey started with control of cottony cushion scale Icerya purchasi (Homoptera: Margarodidae) through the introduction and release of Rodolia cardinalis (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) in citrus plantati...

Abstract Background The scale insect, Parlatoria ziziphi (Lucas) (Diaspididae: Hemiptera), is one of the most serious insects in citrus orchards Egypt. efficiency two different formulation types (emulsifiable concentrates (EC) and nanoemulsions) based on essential oils Artemisia herba-alba (Asso.) (Asterales: Asteraceae) Laurus nobilis (L.) (Laurales: Lauraceae) at concentrations 3 5%, compared...