We previously reported that a eucaloric, low fat, liquid formula diet enriched in simple carbohydrate markedly increased the synthesis of fatty acids in lean volunteers. To examine the diet sensitivity of obese subjects, 7 obese and 12 lean volunteers were given two eucaloric low fat solid food diets enriched in simple sugars for 2 weeks each in a random-order, cross-over design (10% fat, 75% c...

The growing awareness that the fatty acid (FA) composition of the diets of birds, and ultimately their tissues, influence physiological performance variables, such as aerobic capacity, thermosensitivity, digestive efficiency, etc., underscores the need to understand how differences in dietary fatty acid composition actually translate into differences in the fatty acid composition of specific ti...

In this study, we examined the hepatic anti-steatosis activity of carnosic acid (CA), a phenolic compound of rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis) leaves, as well as its possible mechanism of action, in a high-fat diet (HFD)-fed mice model. Mice were fed a HFD, or a HFD supplemented with 0.01% (w/w) CA or 0.02% (w/w) CA, for a period of 12 weeks, after which changes in body weight, blood lipid prof...

Many antiinflammatory pharmaceutical products inhibit the production of certain eicosanoids and cytokines and it is here that possibilities exist for therapies that incorporate n-3 and n-9 dietary fatty acids. The proinflammatory eicosanoids prostaglandin E(2) (PGE(2)) and leukotriene B(4) (LTB(4)) are derived from the n-6 fatty acid arachidonic acid (AA), which is maintained at high cellular c...

BACKGROUND In the present study, the effect of arginine and leucine supplementation, and dietary protein level, were investigated in commercial crossbred pigs to clarify their individual or combined impact on plasma metabolites, hepatic fatty acid composition and mRNA levels of lipid sensitive factors. The experiment was conducted on fifty-four entire male pigs (Duroc × Pietrain × Large White ×...

BACKGROUND Polyunsaturated n-3 fatty acids have been shown to inhibit the growth and metastasis of tumors. This double-blind, randomized study was designed to evaluate the hypothesis that polyunsaturated n-3 fatty acids can improve metabolic parameters, decrease chemical indices of inflammation, enhance quality of life, and extend disease free interval and survival time for dogs treated for lym...

Rats were fed lard or n-3 fatty acid-supplemented diets ad libitum to study whole body oxidation of lipid and carbohydrate. One group of male rats was fed 21% fat (by weight) containing 19.5% lard and sufficient amounts of essential fatty acids (1.5%). Another group of rats had 6.5% of the lard replaced by ethyl esters of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA). The rats were...

Fatty acid variation in beluga (Delphinapterus leucas) blubber: implications for estimating diet using fatty acids Heather R. Smith Chair of Supervisory Committee: Associate Professor Glenn R. VanBlaricom School of Aquatic and Fishery Sciences Diet is one of the most important aspects of the ecology of any species, yet remains difficult to estimate for many marine mammals. Quantitative fatty ac...

The effect of ethanol feeding on the essential fatty acid content of tissues has been contradictory. To define the effect, we analyzed fatty acid profiles in various tissues from five miniature pigs fed daily 105 kJ basal diet/kg body wt and 146 kJ ethanol/kg body wt, and also five control pigs pair-fed the same amount of basal diet but with corn starch substituted for ethanol. After 12 mo, bio...

A diet deficient in n-3 fatty acids dramatically reduces docosahexaenoic acid (4.8-fold) and 20:5n-3 content in murine total peroxisomal phospholipids, and conversely increases 22:5n-6 (17.1-fold) and also, to a lesser extent, 20:4n-6. This was also found in purified phosphatidylethanolamine and phosphatidylcholine. After changing the non-deficient diet (containing alpha-linolenic acid, ALA) to...