the main goal of this note is to introduce another second-order differenceequation where every nontrivial solution is of minimal period 5, namelythe difference equation:xn+1 =1 + xn−1xnxn−1 − 1, n = 1, 2, 3, . . .with initial conditions x0 and x1 any real numbers such that x0x1 6= 1.

The phase error in finite-difference (FD) methods is related to the spatial resolution and thus limits the maximum grid size for a desired accuracy. Greater accuracy is typically achieved by defining finer resolutions or implementing higher order methods. Both these techniques require more memory and longer computation times. In this paper, new modified methods are presented which are optimized...