Paralleled alternators are compatible if they can operate in parallel without having damaging or disruptive neutral currents flowing between them. The magnitude of neutral current flow related to the dissimilarity between paralleled sets depends upon the shape of their voltage waveforms. Depending on the generators’ temperature rise characteristics, age and insulating ratings, neutral current f...

This with the integration of distributed generation (DG) to meshed distribution systems, the operating time of the protective system becomes a major concern in order to avoid nuisance DG tripping. This paper proposes a new tripping characteristic for directional overcurrent relays (DOCRs) that can achieve a higher possible reduction of overall relays operating time in meshed distribution networ...

The Gaussian parallel relay network, introduced by Schein and Gallager, consists of a concatenation of a Gaussian additive broadcast channel from a single encoder to a layer of relays followed by a Gaussian multiple-access channel from the relays to the final destination (decoder), where all noises are independent. This setup exhibits an inherent conflict between digital and analog relaying; wh...

In this paper, our objective is maximizing total sum-rate subject to power constraints on total relay transmit power or individual relay powers, for amplify-and-forward single-antenna relay-based wireless communication networks. We derive a closed-form solution for the total power constraint optimization problem and show that the individual relay power constraints optimization problem is a quad...

1 INTRODUCTION This paper relates to a new protection paradigm where corrective, adaptive and predictive relaying features are introduced. The value of corrective relay operation can be assessed by looking at the situations when relay mis-operations occur. Analysis of recent historical blackouts has revealed that the power system catastrophic events happened following consecutive cascading even...

Short-circuit calculations are extremely important in the application and setting of protective relays and the analysis of power system operations. This paper illustrates the calculation of fault currents and voltages during intermediate faults in underground cables, taking into consideration the cable sheath bonding and grounding method. The compensated ground loop impedance for faults along t...

Switches can do some really odd things. Most engineers learn this dirty little secret soon after connecting a switch or a relay to a digital system. Switches don't make and break cleanly on the time scales of digital systems. Instead, a typical switch makes multiple transitions during the tens of milliseconds required to open or close, due to effects that include age, operating inertia, mechani...

in order to study the effects of cropping systems and mulch application in relay intercropped styrian pumpkin (cucurbita pepo l.) with chickpea (cicer arietinum l.), a field experiment was conducted as factorial layout based on a randomized complete block design with three replications at the agricultural research station, college of agriculture, ferdowsi university of mashhad, during growing s...

background and purpose: many workers are exposed to workplace hazards. many occupational diseases are preventable by personal protective devices (ppds). though many workers do not use ppds or their protection by ppds is not sufficient. this study was designed to assess the quality of ppds usage among industrial workers. materials and methods: in a cross-sectional study, 648 workers from four ma...

Digital watermarking was introduced during the last decade as a complementary technology to protect digital multimedia data. Watermarking digital video material has already been studied, but it is still usually regarded as watermarking a sequence of still images. However, it is well-known that such straightforward frame-by-frame approaches result in low performance in terms of security. In part...